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science eoy > key concepts in bio > Flashcards

key concepts in bio Flashcards

1
Q

how do you calculate magnification

A

size of image/actual size

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2
Q

what is the magnification of a light microscope and an electron microscope

A 
light = x2000
electron = x50million
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3
Q

what is the role of cytoplasm

A

site of most chemical reactions and activities

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4
Q

what are the sub-cellular structures found in a plant cell but not an animal cell

A

chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole

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5
Q

what is mitochondria

A

site of respiration

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6
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell

A

a cell with a nucleus

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7
Q

what is a vacuole

A

stores cell sap and helps to keep the cell firm

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8
Q

how big are eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells

A 
e = 10-100 micrometres
p = 0.1-5 micrometres
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9
Q

whats the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

A

eukaryotic cells are bigger and found in plants, animals, fungi and protists, prokaryotic cells are bacteria
prokaryotic do not have a nucleus or chromosomes

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10
Q

what does it mean to be a haploid cell

A

to have just one set of chromosomes

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11
Q

what’s the role of the acrosome in the sperm cell

A

it contains an enzyme to penetrate into the egg cell

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12
Q

what is the middle section of the sperm cell filled with

A

mitochondria for energy

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13
Q

what is a zygote

A

a fertilised egg cell that results from the female and male gametes uniting

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14
Q

how has the egg cell’s cell membrane adapted to its function

A

it is adapted to change structure once a sperm cell has fertilised it so that no more sperms get into the cell

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15
Q

what does the cilia in ciliated epithelia cells do

A

they waft mucus to the back of the throat

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16
Q

what is a prokaryotic cell

A

a cell without a nucleus or chromosomes, bacteria is prokaryotic and it has one loop of chromosomal dna plus smaller dna loops called plasmids

17
Q

where do you find stem cells in plants

A

meristem

18
Q

what makes up carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

A

glucose, amino acids and fatty acids

19
Q

what can enzymes also be called

A 
biological catalysts (speeding up breakdowns and synthesis reactions) 
synthesis is when larger molecules are made from smaller molecules
20
Q

what is the substrate of amylase, protease and lipase

A 
a = starch (to glucose)
p = proteins (to amino acids)
l = lipids (to fatty acids and glycerol)
21
Q

what is the lock and key theory

A

that a specific substrate will only fit the active site of a specific enzyme

22
Q

what three things affect the rate of enzyme reaction

A

temperature, pH, substrate concentration (this will increase the rate until there are enough substrates to fill all of the enzymes so more substrates will make no difference)

23
Q

what is used to measure the amount of energy in food

A

a calorimeter

24
Q

what colour does iodine turn when there is starch present

A

blue-black

25
Q

what does benedicts solution test for

A

glucose, turns red if there is a lot

26
Q

what food test do you use for proteins

A

biuret - turns from blue to violet

27
Q

what does ethanol test for

A

fat, it turns a milky colour

28
Q

what is respiration

A

a process that uses oxygen and produces CO2

29
Q

what factors affect the rate of diffusion

A

temperature, membrane surface area, concentration gradient

30
Q

why is it easier to diffuse through a smaller cell

A

because the surface area:volume is higher

higher membrane surface area

31
Q

what is osmosis

A

the diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution

32
Q

what is a partially permeable membrane

A

allows water through but not other larger molecules

33
Q

what is an independant variable

A

a variable that is controlled and varied in the experiment

34
Q

how do you calculate % change in mass

A

final mass-initial mass / initial mass

x100

35
Q

what is active transport

A

when dissolved molecules move from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution, it goes against a concentration gradient

36
Q

whats the difference between active and passive transport

A

active require energy to go against the concentration gradient

37
Q

what is a dependant variable

A

the variable that you measure, it goes on the y axis

science eoy (5 decks)

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