key concepts biology Flashcards
Whats a eukaryote
organisms made out of eukaryotic cells
Whats a prokaryote
a single celled organism prokaryotic cell
what is nucleus and animals or plants
contains genetic material that controls the activity of the cell in animals and plants
what is cytoplasm and animals or plants
gel like substance where the chemical reactions happen, contains enzyme in animals and plants
what is cell membrane and animals or plants
holds cell together, controls what enters and leave in animals and plants
what is mitochondria and animals or plantss
respiration, transfers energy to cells in animals and plants
what is ribosomes and animals or plants (trans)
translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins in plants and animals
What is cell wall and animals or plants
made of cellulose and strengthens and supports the cell, only in plants
what is large vacuole and animals or plants
contains cell sap matains internal pressure, only plants
what is chloroplasts and animal or plants
where phtosynthesis occurs, contain green substance called chlorophyll, only in plants
describe bacteria cells
a lot smaller than plant animal cells and have subcellular structure
what is chromosomal DNA (bacteria)
(one long circular chromosome) controls the cells activities and replication, floats around in cytoplasm
What is plasmid DNA (bacteria)
small loops of extra DNA, contain genes like drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria
What is flagellum
rotates to make bacteria move, used to move bacteria away from harmful substances and towards oxygen and nutrients. long hair like structure
all cells in bacteria
chromosomal DNA, ribosomes, cell membrane, plasmid DNA, flagellum
All cells in animals
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
all cells in plants
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell wall, large vacuole, chloroplasts
what are specialised cells
cells that have a structure adapted to their function
what type of nucleus do eggs have
haploid nucleus
main uses of an egg
carry the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in early stages.
what does an egg have in the cytoplasm
an eggs cytoplasm contains nutrients to feed egg
what happens after fertilisation to an egg
an eggs membrane changes structure to stop any more sperm getting in so offspring ends up with the right amount of DNA
What is a sperm cell
transport the males DNA to the female egg
what do sperm cells have to help them move around faster
have along tail so they can swim to the egg
what is a acrosome (sperm)
stores enzymes in the head of the sperm needed to digest the cell membrane of the egg
what type of nucleus do sperm cells have
haploid nucleus
what is resolution in microscopes
how well a microscope distinguishes between two points that are close together
method to figure out total magnification
eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens mag