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biology mocks > key concepts > Flashcards

key concepts Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what type of cells are animal cells?

A

eukaryotic cells

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2
Q

what are eukaryotic cells?

A

cells that have a nucleus and other complex structure which are surrounded by membranes

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3
Q

do either plant or animal cells have vacuoles?

A

animal cells may have them but they are small and temporary

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4
Q

what type of cells are plant cells?

A

eukaryotic cells

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5
Q

what types of cells are bacteria cells?

A

prokaryotic cells

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6
Q

3 features of prokaryotic cells

A
  • no mitochondria (respiration) or chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
  • plasmids (allows more genetic information to be shared between cells)
  • single DNA loop (genetic material is stored in this in the cytoplasm as there is no nucleus)
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7
Q

what can mitochondria be seen with?

A

light microscope (but not in detail)

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8
Q

what can ribosomes be seen with?

A

an electron microscope

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9
Q

cell membrane definition

A

it is a partially permeable membrane so controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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10
Q

nucleus definition

A

it is the control centre of the cell as it contains genetic material which controls the cell’s activities

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11
Q

ribosomes definition

A

responsible for the production/ synthesising of proteins

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12
Q

mitochondria definition

A

organelles that contains the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration, site for the later stages of respiration

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13
Q

cytoplasm definition

A

a jelly-like fluid that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. it is where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place

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14
Q

permanent vacuole definition

A

a fluid-filled sac that stores water and can make up as much as 90% of a plant’s cell volume

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15
Q

chloroplasts definition

A

the part of the plant that turns it green and contains chlorophyll, which is needed for the process of photosynthesis

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16
Q

cell wall definition

A

a barrier made of cellulose surrounds the cell, increasing the structural strengths of the cell

17
Q

flagella definition

A

these are whip-like structures used for movement

18
Q

plasmids definition

A

small rings of DNA found in the cytoplasm of a cell

19
Q

what is found in a plant cell under a light microscope?

A

cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall

20
Q

what is found in a plant cell under an electron microscope?

A

cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, mitochondrion, cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole

21
Q

structures that animal and plant cells have in common

A

nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

22
Q

what structures are only found in plant cells?

A

chloroplasts, cell wall, permanent vacuole

23
Q

what are prokaryotic cells?

A

they are single-felled and do not have a nucleus or any other structures which are surrounded by membranes

24
Q

what microscope is needed to see bacterial cells?

A

larger bacterial cells may be visible using using a light microscope, however an electron microscope would be needed to the details of the cell organelles

25
Q

what structures are found in a bacteria cell?

A

chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, cell membrane, cell wall, flagellum (not always present)

26
Q

structures that all three cells have in common

A

cytoplasm, cell membrane

27
Q

eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell side difference

A

eukaryotic: 5 - 10 micrometers
prokaryotic: 0.2 - 2 micrometers

28
Q

difference in outer layers of cell in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

A

eukaryotic: cell membrane, surrounded by cell wall in plants and fungi
prokaryotic: cell membrane, surrounded by cell wall

29
Q

difference in cell contents for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell

A

eukaryotic: cytoplasm. cell organelles include mitochondria, chloroplasts in plants and ribosomes
prokaryotic: cytoplasm. ribosomes present. there are no mitochondria or chloroplasts

30
Q

difference in genetic material for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

A

eukaryotic: DNA in a nucleus. plasmids are found in a few simple eukaryotic organisms
prokaryotic: DNA is a single molecule, found free in the cytoplasm. additional DNA i s found on one or more rings called plasmids

31
Q

different types of cell division in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

A

eukaryotic: mitosis
prokaryotic: binary fission

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