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Chemistry A Level > Key Concepts > Flashcards

Key Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The variable that you change to see the effect it has on another factor

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2
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The variable that you measure or observe

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3
Q

What is a control variable?

A

A variable that must be kept constant between each run of the experiment so that no unwanted factors affect the results

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4
Q

What is an extraneous variable?

A

A factor that might affect an experiment but cannot be measured or controlled. An example of an extraneous variable is atmospheric conditions

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5
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base, bases are the opposite of acids, forms OH- ions when dissolved in water and has a pH of 7-14

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6
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water and has a pH of 1-7

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7
Q

What colour is litmus in acid?

A

Red

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8
Q

What colour is litmus in alkali?

A

Blue

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9
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in acid?

A

Colourless

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10
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in alkali?

A

Pink

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11
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a strong acid?

A

Red

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12
Q

What colour is universal indicator in strong alkali?

A

Purple

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13
Q

What colour is methyl orange in acid?

A

Red

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14
Q

What colour is methyl orange in alkali?

A

Yellow

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15
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction between a metal and an acid?

A

Metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

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16
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction between a metal hydroxide and an acid?

A

Metal hydroxide + acid -> salt + water

17
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?

A

Metal oxide + acid -> salt + water

18
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid?

A

Metal carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

19
Q

What is a hydrated salt?

A

A salt that contains nH2O

20
Q

What is an anhydrous salt?

A

A salt that doesn’t contain water

21
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1.0

22
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1.0

23
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

1/2000

24
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

25
Q

What is relative isotopic mass?

A

Mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

26
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The mean mass of all the isotopes of an element compared with 1/12 of the mass of one atom of carbon-12

27
Q

What is relative formula mass?

A

The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the formula of a substance

28
Q

What is mass spectrometry?

A

Mass spectrometry is a technique used to find the abundance of different isotopes in a sample of an element, the results can be used to determine the relative atomic mass of a sample
- You multiply the relative mass of the isotope by the percentage abundance of that isotope and add all of the answers together and divide by 100

29
Q

What is the charge of a nitrate ion?

A

NO3 -

30
Q

What is the charge of a carbonate ion?

A

CO3 2-

31
Q

What is the charge of a sulfate ion?

A

SO4 2-

32
Q

What is the charge of a hydroxide ion?

A

OH -

33
Q

What is the charge of a zinc ion?

A

Zn 2+

34
Q

What is the charge of an ammonium ion?

A

NH4 +

35
Q

What is the charge of a silver ion?

A

Ag +

36
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction between a metal and water?

A

Metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen

37
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that alters the rate of reaction without being used up in the process

Chemistry A Level (15 decks)

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