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Theory and methods > Key concepts > Flashcards

Key concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘Primary research’

A

Data collected by a singular researcher

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2
Q

Define ‘Secondary research’

A

Data used that already exists

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3
Q

what is an ‘unstructured interview’ ?

A

Informal interview -

Advantage of this type of interview is the increased building of rapport between the research subject and the interviewer

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4
Q

What is a ‘structured interview’ ?

A

Formal interview -

A form of interview that has set questions by the researcher for the subject to answer - does not have room for deviation

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5
Q

What is meant by the term ‘going native’ ?

A
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6
Q

Define ‘Validity’

A

A test or instrument that is accurately measuring what’s it’s supposed to be measuring

  • Is the data giving an accurate or true picture of the social world
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7
Q

Define ‘generalisability’

A
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8
Q

What is ‘informed consent’ ?

A

Consent from the subject to be involved in the experiment - no matter the method

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9
Q

What is ‘Anonymity’ ?

A
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10
Q

Define ‘covert’ - in terms observations

A

Where the group being studied does not know they are being observed - Where the researcher is ‘undercover’

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11
Q

Define ‘Overt’ - in terms of observations

A

Where the group being studied is aware of the researchers role

  • disadvantage of this is the chance of the Hawthorne effect / or social desirability being projected by the people being studied .
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12
Q

What is the ‘response rate’ ?

A

The rate at which the subjects of a research methods respond to the researcher

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13
Q

What is ‘social desirability’ ?

A
  • Link to the Hawthorne effect

. Its the idea that

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14
Q

What is the ‘Hawthorne effort’ ?

A

When the behaviour of individuals or a group may change because they are being observed

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15
Q

What is ‘Qualitative data’ ?

A

Information presented in a variety of forms that is descriptive

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16
Q

What is ‘Quantitative data’ ?

A

Information that is in numerical form

17
Q

Positivists

A

Researchers who use research methods that are based on scientific methods - prefer Quantitive data

18
Q

intepretivists

A

Researchers who use research methods which enable them to understand the motives and meanings behind behaviour - prefer qualitative data

19
Q

what is ‘interviewer bias’ ?

A
20
Q

What is the ‘Interviewer Effect’ ?

A
21
Q

What is ‘reliability’ ?

A

Measure of the stability or consistency of data
- Data is reliable if it can be repeated and produce similar results every time

22
Q

What are the ‘practical issues’ of research methods ?

A

. Time
. Access
. Cost
. Subject Matter

23
Q

What are the ‘Ethical issues’ of research methods ?

A

. Anonymity
. Privacy / Confidentiality
. Consent
. Protection from harm -
/ Right to withdraw
. honest reporting

24
Q

what are the ‘theoretical issues’ of research methods ?

A

. Validity
. Reliability
. Representativeness
. Theoretical Perspective - Positivism / intepretivist

25
Q

What is ‘Anthropology’ ?

A

The scientific study of the origins and development of human society

26
Q

What is ‘Ethnography’ ?

A

The scientific study of different people and cultures

27
Q

Define ‘Methodological pluralism’

A

Where a range of methods are used in the same price of research

28
Q

Define ‘Mixdd method approach’

A

Where a range of methods are used in the same piece of research

29
Q

Define ‘objective approach’

A

Sociologists who attempt to study the social world without allowing their personal values to influence the outcome of the research

30
Q

Define ‘non-participant observation’

A

when judgements are not influenced by personal opinions

31
Q

What is a ‘observation schedule’ ?

A

A form used to record observations using predetermined categories

32
Q

Define ‘verstehen’

A

Empathic understanding of human behaviour

33
Q

Define ‘Triangulation’

A

The accuracy of data gathered using one method can be compared with data gathered using alterantive data

34
Q

What is ‘subjectivity’ ?

A

When judgements are made on personal opinions

35
Q

What is a ‘Representative sample’ ?

A

When a sample is not biased but accurately reflects the wider population

36
Q

Define ‘Rapport’

A

The relationship between the researcher and the subject - Rapport being built typically causes an increase in reliability

Theory and methods (10 decks)

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