Key Case Studies

Question 1

Patient KF

Answer 1

Patient KF– he had a motorcycle accident and afterwards suffered damage to his STM. He had a
normal digit span for visual information (e.g. pictures)but a severely limited digit span for verbal information (e.g. words spoken to him)

Question 2

Clive wearing

Answer 2

FOR:
- Clive Wearing – a man with an extreme form of amnesia which means that he can make new STMs but then he cannot turn them into LTM- proves they are two separate stores

Question 3

Patient HM

Answer 3

Patient HM– had his hippocampus removed and afterwards was unable to make new explicit LTMs (e.g. new events or facts) but could learn new procedural LTMs (he could learn new skills)
proves that the model is too simple

Question 4

Beardsley

Answer 4

-Beardsley– found that the prefrontalcortex is active during STM tasks but not LTM tasks- proves they are two separate stores

Question 5

Baddley

Answer 5

-Baddeley– found that STMs are coded acoustically and LTMs are coded semantically. Participants made more errors on acoustically-similar words when tested immediately-proves they are two separate stores

Question 6

Underwoods experiment

Answer 6

INTERFERENCE THEORY

-underwoods experiment- asked participants to remember a list of words and found they were better at remembering the earlier words in the list compared to the older which supports proactive because the earlier information effects the ability to recall later information

Question 7

muller and pilzeckar

Answer 7

INTERFERENCE THEORY

-muller and pilzeckar- participants split into two groups, bith groups asked to learn and recall nonsense syllables, one group had a distraction inbetween learning the list , the group with the distraction performed worse- supports retroactive because the new distraction affected the ability to recall old information

Question 8

Godden and Baddley

Answer 8

RETRIEVAL FAILURE
FOR:
-Godden and Baddley-participants learned a list of words either underwater (scuba) or on land, then asked to retrieve them either on land or underwater. The recall was worse if the environment had changed, supports context dependant forgetting and context cues

Question 9

Stages of attachment study

Answer 9

Schaffer and Emerson ‘64

Longitudinal study, 60 Glaswegian babies observed at home (largely) by mothers,
To record separation distress and stranger anxiety Visited every month (12 months) and again at 18 months
Findings: Findings: 1) Sensitive responsiveness -attachment was to caregiver who responded
appropriately to signals, not the one who fed them
-found out the stages of attachment