Key Authors-Org Theory Flashcards
MAX WEBER
Authority and Bureaucracy
MAX WEBER
Authority and Bureaucracy
➢ Types of authority & bureaucracy
➢ Processes and influences that contribute to the rationalization of society.
➢ How society becomes increasingly systematized or routinized by comparison to earlier periods in history.
MAX WEBER
Authority and Bureaucracy
➢ 3 TYPES OF AUTHORITY
▪ Charismatic Authority
MAX WEBER
Authority and Bureaucracy
➢ 3 TYPES OF AUTHORITY
▪ Charismatic Authority
• Individual who exhibit exceptional personality or personal qualities.
• Derive authority from past deeds, personal heritage, articulation of a dramatic view of the future, or some other combo of personal appeal.
• Unstable and unpredictable over time
• Rooted in a single individual
• No systematically established, rational structures, set o duties, or performance standards.
• Relies on a charismatic leader to establish both the goals, or objectives, and the processes to accomplish those ends.
• Examples: Martin Luther King Jr. & Mahatma Gandhi (positive); Adolf Hitler & David Koresh (negative)
MAX WEBER
Authority and Bureaucracy
➢ 3 TYPES OF AUTHORITY
▪ Traditional Authority
▪ Traditional Authority
• Long standing practices and perceived legitimacy.
• Established through adherence to historically ground and sustained practices and norms.
• Based on heredity or historical affiliation.
• Remains stable as long as leaders are consistent with establish practices.
• Patriarchal Form
❖ Seen within the household or small, family owned business.
❖ Authority grounded in a single individual.
❖ Rules over a small number of family members and staff.
• Patrimonial Form
❖ Larger in scale
❖ Extending up to monarchy
MAX WEBER
Authority and Bureaucracy
➢ 3 TYPES OF AUTHORITY
▪ Legal-Rational Authority
▪ Legal-Rational Authority
• Grounded on laws and rules that apply broadly or universally regardless of individual traits or history.
• Authority and other resources are delegated on the basis of these rules and regulations, and loyalty is owned to the system rather than to individual office holders.
• Created rational and systematic distribution of control and discretion but also do so in a way that provides far greater stability and predictability than do either charismatic or traditional forms.
MAX WEBER
Authority and Bureaucracy
MAX WEBER
Authority and Bureaucracy
➢ Ideal Type Bureaucracy include
▪ Formal, hierarchical structure
▪ Management by rules
▪ Internal organization by functional specialty
▪ Clear goal specificity and orientation
▪ Purposely impersonal
▪ Selection and promotion are based on technical qualifications
• Henri Fayol
➢ Principles of Management
• Henri Fayol
➢ Principles of Management
➢ Principles of Management ▪ Specialization of labor ▪ Division of work ▪ Authority and responsibility ▪ Discipline ▪ Unity of command ▪ Unity of direction ▪ Subordination of individual interests ▪ Remuneration ▪ Centralization ▪ Scalar chain (lines of authority) ▪ Order ▪ Equity ▪ Personnel Tenure ▪ Initiative ▪ Esprit de corps
• Henri Fayol
➢ Management Activities
• Henri Fayol
➢ Management Activities
▪ Managerial – Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling
▪ Technical – Producing, manufacturing, adapting
▪ Commercial – Procuring, distributing, and exchanging
▪ Financial – Acquiring, utilizing, and controlling capital
▪ Security – Protecting property, personnel, and other resources
▪ Accounting – Maintaining inventory control, fiscal oversight of revenues, and expenditures.
• Frederick Winslow Taylor
➢ The Principles of Scientific Management
• Frederick Winslow Taylor
➢ The Principles of Scientific Management
▪ The need to eliminate rule of thumb work methods.
• One best way
▪ Employ a process for the scientific selection and training of personnel.
▪ Train and develop each employee actively and in an ongoing way rather than passively leaving them to train themselves.
▪ The work of the organization should be nearly equally divided between managers and workers.
• Luther Gulick
• Luther Gulick
➢ Division of work
➢ Limits to division of labor.
▪ There is nothing to be gained from dividing labor beyond individual capacities.
▪ The means or technology and customs, such as trade or craft divisions of work, will limit how things can be divided.
▪ Reality limits how far things can be subdivided.
▪ Ensuring that the whole remains part of and recognizable in the parts.
• Luther Gulick
• Luther Gulick
➢ POSDCoRB
▪ Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, Budgeting.
• Woodrow Wilson
➢ The Study of Administration
• Woodrow Wilson
➢ The Study of Administration
▪ Articulation of the politics-administration dichotomy.
• What can government successfully and properly do?
• How can it do these things most efficiently?
• Mary Parker Follett
➢ The New State
• Mary Parker Follett
➢ The New State
▪ Social interaction and local networks of individuals could be the basis of effective democratic process.
▪ Experience can be the basis of governance process and that conceptual dichotomies, such as individual and group, citizen and state, and freedom and determinism, are false in conditions of rich social interactions.
• Karl Marx
• Karl Marx
➢ Relationship between labor and human expression changed.
➢ Labor became alienated from the products or outputs of its efforts.
➢ Products under capitalism belong to the organization. (the capitalist)
➢ As specialization increases and the rationalization and separation of line, supervision, and ownership extend – consistent with the forms and ideals described in Weberian bureaucracy – these dynamics become magnified further.
➢ Organizations improve their overall efficiency by exploiting labor.
• Herbert Simon
• Herbert Simon
➢ Theory of bounded rationality which claimed that individuals cannot be completely, independently, and linearly rational.
➢ We are intendedly rational, decisions and understandings are limited by the complexities and interrelationships that exist within our systems and environments.
➢ We simply do not have the ability to understand every detail within our systems, and our thoughts are limited to what we have the ability to know and understand.
➢ Satisficing – the individual creates simplified models of reality based on past experiences and particularized or selective views of the situation.
• Dwight Waldo
➢ The Administrative State
• Dwight Waldo
➢ The Administrative State
