Key Associations Flashcards
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease in both M and F, inherited thru F only
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome
Fragile X
Vitamin deficiency USA
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk, body stores only 3-4 mos supply, prevents NTD)
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
S pneumoniae
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and peds)
GBS
E coli
Listeria monocytogenes (NEWBORN)
S pneumoniae/N meningiditis (kids/teens)
HLA DR3
DMT1 SLE Graves Hashimoto (also assoc with DR5) Addison disease
HLA DR4
DMT1
RA
Addison disease
Bacteria assoc with gastritis, PUD, gastric malignancy (adenocarcinoma, MALToma)
H pylori
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Heminth infection USA
Enterobious vermicularis
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV 1
Infection secondary to blood trans
HCV
Food poisoning (endotoxin related)
S aureus
B cereus
Osteomyelitis MC overall
S aureus
Osteomyelitis in SCD
Salmonella
Osteomyelitis in IVDA
Pseudomonas
Candida
S aureus
UTI
E. coli Staphylococcus saprophyticus (sexually active young F)
STI
C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhea)
Nosocomial pneumonia
Staph aureus
Pseudomonas
Enteric GN rods
PID
C trichomatis
N gonorrhea
Infections in CGD
S aureus E coli Aspergillus Serratia Nocardia CATALASE + orgs- breakdown H2O2 and do not produce H2O2 for cell to steal
NADPH oxidase deficiency- phagocytes cannot generate H2O2 for oxidative burst—> infections with catalase + orgs
Mets to bone
Prostate, breast > kidney, thyroid, lung
Mets to brain
Lung > breast > melanoma, colon, kidney
Mets to liver
Colon»_space; stomach> pancreas
S3 heart sound
High ventricular filling pressure (mitral regurgitation, HF)
COMMON IN DILATED VENTRICLES
S4 heart sound
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world)
Idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
Holosystolic murmur
VSD
Tricuspid regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
Chronic arrhythmia
A fib (assoc w high risk of emboli)
Cyanosis (early, less common)
TOF Transposition of great vessels Truncus arteriosus Total anomalous pulmonary venous return Tricuspid atresia
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA: results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
Secondary HTN
Renal artery stenosis
CKD (polycystic kidney dx, diabetic nephropathy)
Hyperaldosteronism
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal
Atherosclerosis
SMOKING MAJOR RISK FACTOR
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis) Vasa vasorum destruction
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
Aortic dissection
HTN
RHF dt pulmonary cause
Cor pumonale
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IVDA)
Endocarditis presentation assoc with bacterium
S aureus (acute, IVDA, tricuspid) Viridans streptococci (subacute, dental procedure) S bovis (colon cancer)
Culture negative (Coxiella, Bartonella, HACEK)
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness dt occlusion of ophthalmic artery
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Buerger disease (strongly associated with TOBACCO)
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels on extremities
Cardiac primary tumor is kids
Rhabdomyosarcoma
OFTEN SEEN IN TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis
Myxoma (90% in LA, ball valve)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia , hypotension
21 hydroxylase deficiency
Cushing syndrome
Iatrogenic (corticosteroid use)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
Paraneoplastic (dt ACTH secretion by tumors)
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal hyperplasia or adenoma
Tumor of adrenal medulla in KIDS
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
Tumor of adrenal medulla in ADULTS
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Cretinism
Iodine deficiency/Congenital hypothyroidism
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma (childhood IRRADIATION)
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of CKD
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign)
Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin
Zollinger Ellison syndrome (gastronomy of duodenum or pancreas)
ASSOC WITH MEN1
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)
Adenocarcinoma (USA)
Acute gastric ulcer assoc with CNS injury
Cushing ulcer - high intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion
Acute gastric ulcer assoc with severe burns
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet cells)
Bl ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Gastric cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
Alternating areas of TRANSMURAL inflammation and normal colon
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
Zenker diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)
Diverticulum in pharynx (false diverticulum)
HCC
Cirrhotic liver (assoc with HBV, HCV, alcoholism, hemochromatosis)
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Primary liver cancer
HCC (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin, Wilson disease)
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes” and high risk for HCC) Triad: 1. Cirrhosis 2. DM 3. Skin pigmentation