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Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increase intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Age range for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child,
CLL: adults > 60,
AML: adult ~ 65,
CML: 45 - 85

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5
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

3 syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Hypertension

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10
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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11
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

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12
Q

Bacteria associated with gastric, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (adenocarcinoma, MALToma)

A

H. pylori

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S. pneumoniae

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14
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E. coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids/teens)

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15
Q

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

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16
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

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17
Q

Brian tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

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18
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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19
Q

Breast cancer

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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21
Q

Breast tumor (benign, young woman)

A

Fibroadenoma

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22
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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23
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

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24
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)

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25
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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26
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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27
Q

Chronic strophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

28
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

29
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

30
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

31
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

32
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

33
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > circumflex

34
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

35
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

36
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

37
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

38
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

39
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)

40
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

41
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL

42
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

43
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic stenosis

44
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

45
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus, B. cereus

46
Q

Gastric cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

47
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

48
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

49
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

50
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

51
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

52
Q

Hematoma - epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

53
Q

Hematoma - subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

54
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart in heart failure, “bronze diabetes,” and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

55
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

56
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

57
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

58
Q

HLA-B27

A

Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)

59
Q

HLA-DR3

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Addison disease

60
Q

HLA-DR4

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison disease

61
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

62
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (increase risk of thrombosis)

63
Q

Hypertension, secondary

A

Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy), hyperaldosteronism

64
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

65
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

66
Q

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

Hepatitis C

67
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S aureus, E. coli. Aspergillus (catalase +)

Rapid Review (1 decks)

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