Key Associations Flashcards
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Cushing ulcer (increase intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)
Aneurysm, dissecting
Hypertension
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
Atherosclerosis
Aortic aneurysm, arch
Tert. syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum distruction
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Warnicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
H. pylori
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Group B streptococcus/E. coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/ Neisseria meningitides (kids)
Benign melanocytic nevus
Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Barnard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
Brain tumor (adults)
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
Brain tumor (kids)
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
Breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Breast mass
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post menopausal women)
Breast tumor (benign)
Fibroadenoma
Cardiac Primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari II malformation
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal woman; type 2: elderly man or woman)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
Cushing syndrome
Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy), Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol), ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma, Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
Hypercoaguability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
Secondary hypertension
Renal disease
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thryoidectomy
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staph aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
Kidney stones
Calcium= radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium)= radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as proteus vulgaris or staphylococcus)
Uric acid= radiolucent
Late cyanotic shunt
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
Metastases to liver
Colon»_space; stomach, pancreas