Key area 2.2 - Control and communication Flashcards
What does the nervous system include ?
Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerve Cells (neurons)
What does the Central nervous system include ?
Brain
Spinal Cord
Name and state the functions of the three main parts of the brain
Cerebrum - Concious thought and memory ( top of brain )
Medulla - Breathing , heart rate and digestion ( back of brain )
Cerebellum - Balance and coordination ( front of brain )
Describe senses
Receptors are located in the sense organs
They detect sensory input
You have different receptors that detect different things
Sound, light, touch, etc. are all examples of stimuli that the receptors detect
Name and state the functions of the three different types of neurons
Sensory - Carries a signal from sense organs to spinal cord
Inter - Carries signal from sensory neuron to the motor neuron
Motor - Carries a signal from the spinal cord to the muscle
Chemical impulses carry messages along neurons
True or False
Effectors carry out the response
True or False
False - Electrical
True
What’s a synapse ?
Nerve impulses are transferred between the different types of neurons
The junction between them is called the synapse
Chemicals transfer these messages between neurons at synapses
Explain Reflex actions
They’re automatic and protective actions
They’re rapid automatic responses to a stimulus
They have a protective function as they allow the body to react quickly when in danger
They’re designed to respond to a situation without us having to think about it
What happenes in response to a stimulus ?
Receptors in the sensory neuron carry electrical impulses to the inter neuron which then carries it to the motor neuron which carries it to the muscle effector which contracts
Explain the endocrine system
Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream
Hormones are chemical messengers that travel in the the blood
A target tissue has cells with specific receptor proteins for specific hormones, so only that tissue will be affected by these hormones
Target cells have receptors and the hormone and receptor have complementary shapes
True or False
TRUE
What happens if there’s an increase in blood glucose concentration ?
The change is detected by receptor cells in the pancreas
The pancreas releases more insulin into the blood
The liver cells store more glucose from the blood as glycogen
What happens if there’s a decrease in blood glucose concentration ?
The change is detected by receptor cells in the pancreas
The pancreas releases more glucagon into the blood
The liver cells convert glycogen into glucose and release it into the blood
Insulin summary
Its released when blood glucose levels are high
It’s produced in the pancreas
Its target organ is the liver
Its effect is it stores excess glucose as glycogen
Glucagon summary
It’s released when blood glucose levels are low
It’s produced in the pancreas
It’s target organ is the liver
Its effect is it converts glycogen into glucose
