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AUBF MIDTERM AARALIN > Ketone Bilirubin And Blood > Flashcards

Ketone Bilirubin And Blood Flashcards

1
Q

are the intermediate products of fat metabolism

A

Ketone bodies

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2
Q

Ketone bodies are the intermediate products of ___________ metabolism

A

fat metabolism

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3
Q

Ketone bodies includes 3 fat metabolism

A

Acetone, acetoacetic acid and beta hydroxybutyric acid

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4
Q

Measurable amounts of ketones do not appear in the urine because of the
complete metabolism of fats into _______ and _________

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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5
Q

Ketone bodies apppear in the urine when there is an ________________ (increase or decrease) in fat metabolism.

A

Increase

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6
Q

This can be seen in the following conditions: ketone bodies

A
  • inability to metabolize carbohydrates (Diabetes mellitus)
  • increased loss of carbohydrate (vomiting)
  • inadequate intake of carbohydrate (starvation and weight reduction)
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7
Q

Ketone bodies can be detected in ______

A

Urine

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8
Q

is employed in the analysis of ketone bodies In this reaction, acetoacetic acid in an alkaline medium will react with sodium
nitroprusside to produce a purple color.

A

Nitroprusside reaction

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9
Q

Nitroprusside reaction is employed in the analysis of ketone bodies In this
reaction, acetoacetic acid in an alkaline medium will react with sodium
nitroprusside to produce a ________________.

A

purple color

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10
Q

This reaction does not measure beta-hydroxybutyric acid and is only slightly
sensitive to __________

A

Acetone

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11
Q

The different tests employing this type of reaction are: ketone bodies

A
  • reagent strip
  • acetest
  • Legal’s test
  • Rothera’s test.
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12
Q

also determined using Gerhardt’s test

A

Acetoacetic acid

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13
Q

Acetoacetic acid also determined using _________ test

A

Gerhardt’s test

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14
Q

The test combines acetoacetic acid with ferric chloride to produce a ___________.

A

Red color

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15
Q

The test combines acetoacetic acid with _________________ to produce a red color.

A

ferric chloride

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16
Q

is performed to detect beta-hydroxybutyric acid.

A

Hart’s test

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17
Q

Hart’s test is performed to detect ______________.

A

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

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18
Q

The beta-hydroxybutyric acid remained after the removal of acetone and
acetoacetic acid by __________ is made to react with hydrogen peroxide

A

Bioling

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19
Q

The beta-hydroxybutyric acid remained after the removal of acetone and
acetoacetic acid by boiling is made to react with _______________

A

hydrogen peroxide

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20
Q

_________________ remained after the removal of acetone and
acetoacetic acid by boiling is made to react with hydrogen peroxide

A

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

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21
Q

is the degradation product of hemoglobin in the reticuloendothelial
system.

A

Bilirubin

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22
Q

Bilirubin is the degradation product of hemoglobin in the _____________ system.

A

reticuloendothelial system

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23
Q

The released ____________ is broken down into its component parts: iron, protein
and protoporphyrin.

A

hemoglobin

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24
Q

The released hemoglobin is broken down into its component parts: _________, _________
and _____________.

A

iron, protein and protoporphyrin

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25
Q

The ____________ is converted to bilirubin by the cells of the reticuloendothelial system

A

Protoporphyrin

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26
Q

The protoprohyrin is converted to _________ by the cells of the reticuloendothelial system

A

bilirubin

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27
Q

The bilirubin produced binds to ________ where it is transported to the liver for conjugation.

A

albumin

28
Q

The ________________ is excreted into the bile canaliculi and then into the intestinal tract via the duodenum where it is acted upon by bacteria converting it to urobilinogen

A

conjugated bilirubin

29
Q

The appearance of bilirubin in urine can provide an indication of ________ damage.

A

Liver damage

30
Q

Bilirubin provides early detection of ___________, __________, ________________, and __________
and should be included in every routine urinalysis.

A

hepatitis, cirrhosis, gallbladder disease, and cancer

31
Q

Routine testing for urinary bilirubin can be done using reagent strips which employs _________ and the _____________.

A

diazo reactions and oxidation tests

32
Q

In the reagent strip test, bilirubin combines with _____________________ or
____________________ or
2,6-dichlorobenzene diazonium-tetraflouborate in an acid medium to produce colors ranging from increasing degrees of tan or pink to violet.

A

2,4-dichloroaniline diazonium salt or 2,6-dichlorobenzene diazonium combines with 2,4-dichloroaniline diazonium salt

33
Q

In the reagent strip test, bilirubin combines with 2,4-dichloroaniline diazonium salt or
2,6-dichlorobenzene diazonium combines with 2,4-dichloroaniline diazonium salt or
2,6-dichlorobenzene diazonium-tetraflouborate in an acid medium to produce colors ranging from increasing degrees of _________ or __________ to violet

A

tan or pink to violet.

34
Q

Questionable results on the reagent strip can be confirmed using the ___________ which
produces a sharply colored diazo reaction.

A

Ictotest

35
Q

Questionable results on the reagent strip can be confirmed using the Ictotest which
produces a sharply colored ___________.

A

diazo reaction

36
Q

uses a test tablet which consists of p-toluenesulfonate, sulfosalicylic acid, sodium
carbonate and boric acid

A

Ictotest

37
Q

Ictotest uses a test tablet which consists of _______________, ____________ , ______________ and ___________

A

p-toluenesulfonate, sulfosalicylic acid, sodium
carbonate and boric acid

38
Q

The reaction between the tablet and bilirubin produces a _______ or ________ color on the surface
of the test mat

A

blue or purple color

39
Q

utilizes the ability of ferric chloride dissolved in TCA (Fouchet’s reagent) to
oxidize bilirubin to biliverdin, producing a green color.

A

Oxidation test

40
Q

Oxidation tests utilizes the ability of ferric chloride dissolved in ______________ to
oxidize bilirubin to biliverdin, producing a green color.

A

TCA (Fouchet’s reagent)

41
Q

Oxidation tests utilizes the ability of ferric chloride dissolved in TCA (Fouchet’s reagent) to
oxidize bilirubin to biliverdin, producing a _____________.

A

green color

42
Q

Some of the tests for bilirubin employing this principle are:

A

Gmelin’s harrison test and smith’s test

43
Q

___________ maybe present in the urine either as intact red cells or as free hemoglobin.

A

Blood

44
Q

Blood maybe present in the urine either as intact _________ or as free ________.

A

red cells or hemoglobin

45
Q

The presence of an abnormal number of blood cells in urine is known as

A

Hematuria

46
Q

indicates the presence of hemoglobin in urine

A

Hemoglobinuria

47
Q

is relatively common than hemoglobinuria.

A

Hematuria

48
Q

Screening test for __________ is a useful adjunct to the microscopic examination of the
sediment because of the tendency of erythrocytes to undergo lysis in urine and
because of the diagnostic importance of small amounts of hematuria.

A

Heme

49
Q

The finding of hematuria or hemoglobinuria is not always considered to be of significance and must be determined if it is pathologic or non-pathologic in origin. True or false

A

False

50
Q

The finding of hematuria or hemoglobinuria is always considered to be of significance and must be determined if it is pathologic or non-pathologic in origin. True or false

A

True

51
Q

Major causes of hematuria include

A
  • Renal calculi
  • Glomerular diseases
  • tumors
  • trauma
  • pyelonephritis
  • exposure to toxic chemicals of drugs.
52
Q

Hematuria of non-pathologic significance is observed following strenous __________ and during _________

A

strenous exercise and during menstrual period

53
Q

may occur as the result of lysis of red blood cells produced in the urinary tract,

A

Hemoglobinuria

54
Q

it may be caused by intravascular hemolysis Lysis of red blood cell in urine will usually show a mixture of ____________ and___________

A

hemoglobinuria and hematuria

55
Q

Hemoglobinuria is seen in

A

transfusion reaction
hemolytic anemia
severe burns
infection
strenous exercise / RBC trauma

56
Q

The presence of blood in the urine can be determined using the ______________

A

Reagent strips test or benzidine and orthotoluidine test

57
Q

The test is based on the liberation of oxygen
from the peroxide in the reagent strip by peroxidase-like activity of
heme from free hemoglobin, lysed erythrocytes, or myoglobin Intact
erythrocytes are lysed on the strip, causing the hermoglobin to react

A

Reagent strip test

58
Q

The reagent area is impregnated with buffered mixture of an ___________ and the chromogen tetramethylbenzidine.

A

organic peroxide

59
Q

The reagent area is impregnated with buffered mixture of an organic peroxide and the _________________.

A

chromogen tetramethylbenzidine

60
Q

Heme catalyzes the oxidation of _____________ to produce a green color

A

tetramethylbenzidine

61
Q

Heme catalyzes the oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine to produce a ________ color

A

green color

62
Q

The test zone is _______ color in the absence of blood

A

Yellow

63
Q

Test zone is_________________ color in the presence of blood

A

green to blue-green

64
Q

The tests also utilize the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin to catalyze a reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chromogen such as Benzidine and O-tolidine to produce an oxidize chromogen which has a green to blue
color

A

Benzidine and orthotolidine test

65
Q

Benzidine and orthotolidine The tests also utilize the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin to catalyze a reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chromogen such as Benzidine and O-tolidine to produce an oxidize chromogen which has a ________ to ________
color

A

green to blue

AUBF MIDTERM AARALIN (1 decks)

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