KENYA UNDER COLONIALISM

Question 1

Describe the evolution of the local government

Answer 1

1.District Advisory Council- this was a legal for white settlers
2.Local Native Councils- this was formed in 1924 and acted as a mechanism for articulating restrictions Africans in reserves
3. District Councils - formed in 1929
4.African District Council- Pascal Nambwane was the first African Chairman in 1958. This was also that the government can understand Africans better

Question 2

Factors that influenced the policy of the dual mandate

Answer 2

1.British feared expanding their territory due to the expenses involved
2. British were keen about the Indian colony and therefore didn’t want to establish direct rule in Africa

Question 3

What were the effects of indirect rule in Kenya

Answer 3

1.Some African Chiefs used their power to acquire wealth in land and livestock
2.The policy of divide and rule was perpetuated making Africans divided along ethnic lines
3,Western civilization was evident in Kenya in the form of schools and hospitals
4.Creation of chiefs in the former stateless societies made them mediators between the rulers and the ruled

Question 4

When was the Uganda railway constructed

Answer 4

between 1890 and 1901 with George Whitehouse as the engineer

Question 5

What was the number of individuals involved in the construction of the Uganda railway

Answer 5

32 000 coolies and 5 000 clerks craftsmen

Question 6

How much did this construction of the Uganda railway cost

Answer 6

It cost the British taxpayers about 6 million

Question 7

State the reasons for the construction of the Uganda railway

Answer 7

1. it was needed to penetrate farther to the interior by the missionaries and stop slave trade
2. It was part of the terms mentioned in the Berlin Conference that the occupants should develop their territories
3. it also served as means to mobilize troops to trouble spots
4. The railway was also a means to access Uganda which was the main agenda of the British

Question 8

What was the state of the railway in 1948`

Answer 8

The Kenya-Uganda railway network was linked with the Tanganyika network to form the East African Railways

Question 9

What were some of the challenges faced by railway builders

Answer 9

1. Harsh climate across the coastal plains
   2, Tropical diseases such as smallpox, malaria and jigger
2. Attack by the man-eaters of Tsavo
3. Shortages of food, water and medicine
4. Railway materials were costly and often were delayed

Question 10

What were the economic impacts of the Uganda railway

Answer 10

1.Development of urban centers along the railway
2. Creation of jobs for both Africans and Indians
3. Development of communication and transport
4. Railway was a major source of revenue for the colonial government
5.Development of agriculture in the interior

Question 11

Problems faced by the settler farmers

Answer 11

1. Crop and animal disease
2. Shortage of labor
3. Lack of farm inputs
   4.Attacks by native tribes

Question 12

What were the reasons for encouraging settling Kenya

Answer 12

1. the highlands were suitable for
   European settlement in terms of soil and climate
   2.Desire to exploit the highlands to meet cost of administration
2. Need for cheaper raw materials hence the growing of coffee, tea and sisal by the settlers
3. They wanted to displace the influence of the Asian immigrants in trade

Question 13

What were some of the problems faced by the settlers in the Early years

Answer 13

1. constant raids on their farms by the locals
2. Africans were unwilling to offer labor needed to clear bushes and prepare land
3. lack of roads and transport
4. pests and diseases were prevalent in the highlands
5. settlers were unfamiliar with the climate and soils of Kenya

Question 14

What were the main crops grown

Answer 14

1. Coffee
2. Wheat
   3.Sisal
   4.Tea

Question 15

Provide three points on coffee

Answer 15

1. it was introduced by the Roman Catholic fathers of St. Austin’s Mission Near Nairobi 1889
   2.It was only to be grown by the white settlers in the event Africans were to be competition
2. Lord Delamere formed the Coffee Planters Association in 1908, which encouraged coffee growing. In 1913 coffee became the leading cash crop in Kenya

Question 16

Who introduced wheat and what were the problems faced

Answer 16

Lord Delamere in 1903, and wheat faced the problems of the rust disease which was dealt with in 1912

Question 17

Who introduced Sisal

Answer 17

It was introduced by Richard Hindorf in 1893 in Tanganyika and became second earning cash crop by 1920

Question 18

Who introduced tea

Answer 18

it was introduced in 1903 by the Messrs Caine Brothers

Question 19

What were the terms of the Devonshire White paper

Answer 19

1.The highlands were exclusively for the settlers
2.The Indians were to elect 5 members to the Legco on a communal role
3.European settlers were not to have self governance
4.A missionary would be nominated as a representative of the Africans
5. In the event of a conflict, the interests of the Africans were to be given priority