Kemahiran Proses Sains Flashcards
What are the classes of fire based on the type of fuel involved?
Kelas A, Kelas B, Kelas C, Kelas D, Kelas E, Kelas F
These classes categorize fires by the materials burning, such as solids, liquids, gases, metals, electrical equipment, and cooking oils.
What types of materials are involved in Kelas A fires?
Bahan api pepejal seperti kayu, kertas, kain
Kelas A fires involve combustible solids excluding metals.
What types of materials are involved in Kelas B fires?
Cecair seperti petrol, kerosin, diesel, cat, varnis
Kelas B fires involve flammable liquids.
What types of materials are involved in Kelas C fires?
Gas seperti gas LPG, LNG, oksigen
Kelas C fires involve gases.
What types of materials are involved in Kelas D fires?
Logam seperti magnesium, aluminium, natrium, kalium
Kelas D fires involve combustible metals.
What types of materials are involved in Kelas E fires?
Peralatan elektrik
Kelas E fires involve electrical equipment.
What types of materials are involved in Kelas F fires?
Lemak dan minyak masak
Kelas F fires involve cooking oils and fats.
What is the most versatile type of fire extinguisher that can be used for most types of fires?
Pemadam api ABC
This extinguisher can be used on all classes of fires except those involving metals and gases that may explode.
What are the characteristics of ABC fire extinguishers?
- Boleh digunakan untuk semua jenis kebakaran kecuali kebakaran disebabkan logam dan gas
- Tidak berbahaya kepada manusia dan haiwan
- Tidak mencemarkan tanah
- Mudah diselenggara
ABC fire extinguishers are effective and safe for general use.
What extinguishing agents can be used for Kelas A fires?
- Air
- Buih
- Serbuk kering
Different agents can be used depending on the situation, but water is often effective.
What extinguishing agents can be used for Kelas B fires?
- Buih
- Serbuk kering
- Karbon dioksida
These agents are effective for flammable liquid fires.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is made of two layers of fiberglass and can extinguish small to medium fires.
Selimut kebakaran
Fire blankets are designed to smother small fires effectively.
What is the purpose of a fire blanket?
Memadamkan api pada badan mangsa dengan menyelimuti badan mangsa
Fire blankets can be used to extinguish flames on a person.
What is the purpose of the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for biological waste disposal?
To manage the disposal of biological waste in laboratories
This procedure ensures safety and compliance in handling hazardous materials.
What is classified under Category A of biological waste?
Sharp equipment such as:
* Syringes
* Needles
* Scalpel blades
These items must be disposed of in special sharp waste containers.
What should be done with Category A biological waste before disposal?
Place in a special sharp waste container and store safely before disposal
Category A waste is not autoclaved.
What items are included in Category B biological waste?
Non-sharp solids such as:
* Gloves
* Tissues
* Culture media
These are wrapped and placed in biohazard bags.
How should Category B waste be treated before disposal?
Autoclaved and placed in biohazard containers
Autoclaving is done at 121°C, 15 psi for 20 minutes.
What is included in Category C biological waste?
Carcasses and organs of laboratory animals
This waste must be carefully wrapped and frozen before disposal.
What is the disposal procedure for Category C biological waste?
Wrap in absorbent material, place in biohazard bags, and freeze before disposal
Proper labeling is required.
What types of liquids are classified under Category D biological waste?
Fluids such as:
* Blood
* Serum
These should be decontaminated via autoclaving.
How should Category D biological waste be disposed of?
Discharged directly into the sewage system via laboratory sinks or toilets
This ensures safe disposal of liquid waste.
What is the initial step for managing biological waste disposal?
Correct segregation of waste at the source
This is crucial for safe and effective disposal.
What is one idea proposed for future management of biological waste?
Creating a future disposal tool or incinerator
This addresses the increasing amounts of biological waste that cannot be accommodated by the Earth.
True or False: Biological waste must be stored in controlled conditions before centralized disposal.
True
Safe storage is essential for preventing contamination and ensuring public safety.
Fill in the blank: Category B waste is placed in an autoclave-resistant _______ before autoclaving.
[biohazard bag]
This ensures that the waste is safely contained during the sterilization process.
What is an essential safety tool in a laboratory for extinguishing fires?
Pemadam Kebakaran
Pemadam kebakaran is crucial for fire emergencies in laboratories.
What type of waste can be disposed of in a sink?
Bahan boleh dibuang ke dalam singki
Only specific materials that are safe for plumbing systems should be disposed of this way.
What should not be disposed of in a sink?
Bahan tidak boleh dibuang ke dalam singki
This includes hazardous materials that can contaminate water systems.
List three personal protective equipment (PPE) items used in a laboratory.
- Sarung tangan
- Baju makmal
- Kasut makmal
PPE is essential for ensuring safety while working with hazardous materials.
What is the purpose of a safety shower in a laboratory?
To wash off hazardous substances from the body
Safety showers are critical for decontamination in case of spills.
What is the function of an eyewash station?
To rinse the eyes in case of exposure to harmful chemicals
Eyewash stations provide immediate assistance to prevent serious eye injuries.
What is a fume chamber used for?
To safely handle hazardous fumes and vapors
Fume chambers protect users from inhaling toxic substances.
What is a laminar flow cabinet?
A device that provides a sterile environment by filtering air
Laminar flow cabinets are crucial for microbiological work.
How often should fire extinguishers be audited?
Regularly
Regular audits ensure that fire extinguishers are functional and accessible.
Fill in the blank: The method of using a fire extinguisher is _______.
[Kaedah penggunaan pemadam kebakaran]
Proper training is necessary to use fire extinguishers effectively.
What is a simple fire extinguisher creation method called?
Mencipta alat pemadam kebakaran ringkas
Knowing how to create a simple extinguisher can be useful in emergencies.
What is crucial for managing accidents in the laboratory?
Langkah mengurus makmal kemalangan
Effective accident management protocols help minimize harm and ensure safety.
