Kemahiran Proses Sains

Question 1

What are the classes of fire based on the type of fuel involved?

Answer 1

Kelas A, Kelas B, Kelas C, Kelas D, Kelas E, Kelas F

These classes categorize fires by the materials burning, such as solids, liquids, gases, metals, electrical equipment, and cooking oils.

Question 2

What types of materials are involved in Kelas A fires?

Answer 2

Bahan api pepejal seperti kayu, kertas, kain

Kelas A fires involve combustible solids excluding metals.

Question 3

What types of materials are involved in Kelas B fires?

Answer 3

Cecair seperti petrol, kerosin, diesel, cat, varnis

Kelas B fires involve flammable liquids.

Question 4

What types of materials are involved in Kelas C fires?

Answer 4

Gas seperti gas LPG, LNG, oksigen

Kelas C fires involve gases.

Question 5

What types of materials are involved in Kelas D fires?

Answer 5

Logam seperti magnesium, aluminium, natrium, kalium

Kelas D fires involve combustible metals.

Question 6

What types of materials are involved in Kelas E fires?

Answer 6

Peralatan elektrik

Kelas E fires involve electrical equipment.

Question 7

What types of materials are involved in Kelas F fires?

Answer 7

Lemak dan minyak masak

Kelas F fires involve cooking oils and fats.

Question 8

What is the most versatile type of fire extinguisher that can be used for most types of fires?

Answer 8

Pemadam api ABC

This extinguisher can be used on all classes of fires except those involving metals and gases that may explode.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of ABC fire extinguishers?

Answer 9

• Boleh digunakan untuk semua jenis kebakaran kecuali kebakaran disebabkan logam dan gas
• Tidak berbahaya kepada manusia dan haiwan
• Tidak mencemarkan tanah
• Mudah diselenggara

ABC fire extinguishers are effective and safe for general use.

Question 10

What extinguishing agents can be used for Kelas A fires?

Answer 10

• Air
• Buih
• Serbuk kering

Different agents can be used depending on the situation, but water is often effective.

Question 11

What extinguishing agents can be used for Kelas B fires?

Answer 11

• Buih
• Serbuk kering
• Karbon dioksida

These agents are effective for flammable liquid fires.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: A _______ is made of two layers of fiberglass and can extinguish small to medium fires.

Answer 12

Selimut kebakaran

Fire blankets are designed to smother small fires effectively.

Question 13

What is the purpose of a fire blanket?

Answer 13

Memadamkan api pada badan mangsa dengan menyelimuti badan mangsa

Fire blankets can be used to extinguish flames on a person.

Question 14

What is the purpose of the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for biological waste disposal?

Answer 14

To manage the disposal of biological waste in laboratories

This procedure ensures safety and compliance in handling hazardous materials.

Question 15

What is classified under Category A of biological waste?

Answer 15

Sharp equipment such as:
* Syringes
* Needles
* Scalpel blades

These items must be disposed of in special sharp waste containers.

Question 16

What should be done with Category A biological waste before disposal?

Answer 16

Place in a special sharp waste container and store safely before disposal

Category A waste is not autoclaved.

Question 17

What items are included in Category B biological waste?

Answer 17

Non-sharp solids such as:
* Gloves
* Tissues
* Culture media

These are wrapped and placed in biohazard bags.

Question 18

How should Category B waste be treated before disposal?

Answer 18

Autoclaved and placed in biohazard containers

Autoclaving is done at 121°C, 15 psi for 20 minutes.

Question 19

What is included in Category C biological waste?

Answer 19

Carcasses and organs of laboratory animals

This waste must be carefully wrapped and frozen before disposal.

Question 20

What is the disposal procedure for Category C biological waste?

Answer 20

Wrap in absorbent material, place in biohazard bags, and freeze before disposal

Proper labeling is required.

Question 21

What types of liquids are classified under Category D biological waste?

Answer 21

Fluids such as:
* Blood
* Serum

These should be decontaminated via autoclaving.

Question 22

How should Category D biological waste be disposed of?

Answer 22

Discharged directly into the sewage system via laboratory sinks or toilets

This ensures safe disposal of liquid waste.

Question 23

What is the initial step for managing biological waste disposal?

Answer 23

Correct segregation of waste at the source

This is crucial for safe and effective disposal.

Question 24

What is one idea proposed for future management of biological waste?

Answer 24

Creating a future disposal tool or incinerator

This addresses the increasing amounts of biological waste that cannot be accommodated by the Earth.

Question 25

True or False: Biological waste must be stored in controlled conditions before centralized disposal.

Answer 25

True ## Footnote Safe storage is essential for preventing contamination and ensuring public safety.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: Category B waste is placed in an autoclave-resistant _______ before autoclaving.

Answer 26

[biohazard bag] ## Footnote This ensures that the waste is safely contained during the sterilization process.

Question 27

What is an essential safety tool in a laboratory for extinguishing fires?

Answer 27

Pemadam Kebakaran ## Footnote Pemadam kebakaran is crucial for fire emergencies in laboratories.

Question 28

What type of waste can be disposed of in a sink?

Answer 28

Bahan boleh dibuang ke dalam singki ## Footnote Only specific materials that are safe for plumbing systems should be disposed of this way.

Question 29

What should not be disposed of in a sink?

Answer 29

Bahan tidak boleh dibuang ke dalam singki ## Footnote This includes hazardous materials that can contaminate water systems.

Question 30

List three personal protective equipment (PPE) items used in a laboratory.

Answer 30

* Sarung tangan * Baju makmal * Kasut makmal ## Footnote PPE is essential for ensuring safety while working with hazardous materials.

Question 31

What is the purpose of a safety shower in a laboratory?

Answer 31

To wash off hazardous substances from the body ## Footnote Safety showers are critical for decontamination in case of spills.

Question 32

What is the function of an eyewash station?

Answer 32

To rinse the eyes in case of exposure to harmful chemicals ## Footnote Eyewash stations provide immediate assistance to prevent serious eye injuries.

Question 33

What is a fume chamber used for?

Answer 33

To safely handle hazardous fumes and vapors ## Footnote Fume chambers protect users from inhaling toxic substances.

Question 34

What is a laminar flow cabinet?

Answer 34

A device that provides a sterile environment by filtering air ## Footnote Laminar flow cabinets are crucial for microbiological work.

Question 35

How often should fire extinguishers be audited?

Answer 35

Regularly ## Footnote Regular audits ensure that fire extinguishers are functional and accessible.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The method of using a fire extinguisher is _______.

Answer 36

[Kaedah penggunaan pemadam kebakaran] ## Footnote Proper training is necessary to use fire extinguishers effectively.

Question 37

What is a simple fire extinguisher creation method called?

Answer 37

Mencipta alat pemadam kebakaran ringkas ## Footnote Knowing how to create a simple extinguisher can be useful in emergencies.

Question 38

What is crucial for managing accidents in the laboratory?

Answer 38

Langkah mengurus makmal kemalangan ## Footnote Effective accident management protocols help minimize harm and ensure safety.