Kemahiran Proses Sains Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classes of fire based on the type of fuel involved?

A

Kelas A, Kelas B, Kelas C, Kelas D, Kelas E, Kelas F

These classes categorize fires by the materials burning, such as solids, liquids, gases, metals, electrical equipment, and cooking oils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What types of materials are involved in Kelas A fires?

A

Bahan api pepejal seperti kayu, kertas, kain

Kelas A fires involve combustible solids excluding metals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of materials are involved in Kelas B fires?

A

Cecair seperti petrol, kerosin, diesel, cat, varnis

Kelas B fires involve flammable liquids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What types of materials are involved in Kelas C fires?

A

Gas seperti gas LPG, LNG, oksigen

Kelas C fires involve gases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What types of materials are involved in Kelas D fires?

A

Logam seperti magnesium, aluminium, natrium, kalium

Kelas D fires involve combustible metals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What types of materials are involved in Kelas E fires?

A

Peralatan elektrik

Kelas E fires involve electrical equipment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What types of materials are involved in Kelas F fires?

A

Lemak dan minyak masak

Kelas F fires involve cooking oils and fats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most versatile type of fire extinguisher that can be used for most types of fires?

A

Pemadam api ABC

This extinguisher can be used on all classes of fires except those involving metals and gases that may explode.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of ABC fire extinguishers?

A
  • Boleh digunakan untuk semua jenis kebakaran kecuali kebakaran disebabkan logam dan gas
  • Tidak berbahaya kepada manusia dan haiwan
  • Tidak mencemarkan tanah
  • Mudah diselenggara

ABC fire extinguishers are effective and safe for general use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What extinguishing agents can be used for Kelas A fires?

A
  • Air
  • Buih
  • Serbuk kering

Different agents can be used depending on the situation, but water is often effective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What extinguishing agents can be used for Kelas B fires?

A
  • Buih
  • Serbuk kering
  • Karbon dioksida

These agents are effective for flammable liquid fires.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ is made of two layers of fiberglass and can extinguish small to medium fires.

A

Selimut kebakaran

Fire blankets are designed to smother small fires effectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the purpose of a fire blanket?

A

Memadamkan api pada badan mangsa dengan menyelimuti badan mangsa

Fire blankets can be used to extinguish flames on a person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose of the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for biological waste disposal?

A

To manage the disposal of biological waste in laboratories

This procedure ensures safety and compliance in handling hazardous materials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is classified under Category A of biological waste?

A

Sharp equipment such as:
* Syringes
* Needles
* Scalpel blades

These items must be disposed of in special sharp waste containers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should be done with Category A biological waste before disposal?

A

Place in a special sharp waste container and store safely before disposal

Category A waste is not autoclaved.

17
Q

What items are included in Category B biological waste?

A

Non-sharp solids such as:
* Gloves
* Tissues
* Culture media

These are wrapped and placed in biohazard bags.

18
Q

How should Category B waste be treated before disposal?

A

Autoclaved and placed in biohazard containers

Autoclaving is done at 121°C, 15 psi for 20 minutes.

19
Q

What is included in Category C biological waste?

A

Carcasses and organs of laboratory animals

This waste must be carefully wrapped and frozen before disposal.

20
Q

What is the disposal procedure for Category C biological waste?

A

Wrap in absorbent material, place in biohazard bags, and freeze before disposal

Proper labeling is required.

21
Q

What types of liquids are classified under Category D biological waste?

A

Fluids such as:
* Blood
* Serum

These should be decontaminated via autoclaving.

22
Q

How should Category D biological waste be disposed of?

A

Discharged directly into the sewage system via laboratory sinks or toilets

This ensures safe disposal of liquid waste.

23
Q

What is the initial step for managing biological waste disposal?

A

Correct segregation of waste at the source

This is crucial for safe and effective disposal.

24
Q

What is one idea proposed for future management of biological waste?

A

Creating a future disposal tool or incinerator

This addresses the increasing amounts of biological waste that cannot be accommodated by the Earth.

25
Q

True or False: Biological waste must be stored in controlled conditions before centralized disposal.

A

True

Safe storage is essential for preventing contamination and ensuring public safety.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: Category B waste is placed in an autoclave-resistant _______ before autoclaving.

A

[biohazard bag]

This ensures that the waste is safely contained during the sterilization process.

27
Q

What is an essential safety tool in a laboratory for extinguishing fires?

A

Pemadam Kebakaran

Pemadam kebakaran is crucial for fire emergencies in laboratories.

28
Q

What type of waste can be disposed of in a sink?

A

Bahan boleh dibuang ke dalam singki

Only specific materials that are safe for plumbing systems should be disposed of this way.

29
Q

What should not be disposed of in a sink?

A

Bahan tidak boleh dibuang ke dalam singki

This includes hazardous materials that can contaminate water systems.

30
Q

List three personal protective equipment (PPE) items used in a laboratory.

A
  • Sarung tangan
  • Baju makmal
  • Kasut makmal

PPE is essential for ensuring safety while working with hazardous materials.

31
Q

What is the purpose of a safety shower in a laboratory?

A

To wash off hazardous substances from the body

Safety showers are critical for decontamination in case of spills.

32
Q

What is the function of an eyewash station?

A

To rinse the eyes in case of exposure to harmful chemicals

Eyewash stations provide immediate assistance to prevent serious eye injuries.

33
Q

What is a fume chamber used for?

A

To safely handle hazardous fumes and vapors

Fume chambers protect users from inhaling toxic substances.

34
Q

What is a laminar flow cabinet?

A

A device that provides a sterile environment by filtering air

Laminar flow cabinets are crucial for microbiological work.

35
Q

How often should fire extinguishers be audited?

A

Regularly

Regular audits ensure that fire extinguishers are functional and accessible.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The method of using a fire extinguisher is _______.

A

[Kaedah penggunaan pemadam kebakaran]

Proper training is necessary to use fire extinguishers effectively.

37
Q

What is a simple fire extinguisher creation method called?

A

Mencipta alat pemadam kebakaran ringkas

Knowing how to create a simple extinguisher can be useful in emergencies.

38
Q

What is crucial for managing accidents in the laboratory?

A

Langkah mengurus makmal kemalangan

Effective accident management protocols help minimize harm and ensure safety.