Keeping healthy (B1.1)

Question 1

Diet and Exercise.

Answer 1

A balanced diet includes everything you need to keep your body heathy.
Different people = different amounts of energy, because metabolic rate varies from person - person.
(METABOLIC RATE - usually used in exams!!! refers to chemical reaction in cells)

Question 2

Weight Problems.

Answer 2

Long term obesity can lead to severe health problems = type 2 diabetes. 
Eat more (take in more energy) mass will increase.

Question 3

Inheritance, exercise and health.

Answer 3

inherited factors affect our health. this includes metabolic rate and cholesterol levels.
people who exercise regularly are usually healthier than those who don’t.

Question 4

Pathogens and disease.

Answer 4

pathogens cause infectious diseases.
most pathogens either bacteria or viruses. reproduce rapidly inside the body and may produce toxins.
viruses reproduce inside cells and damage them. washing hands removes pathogens from them. Semmelweiss was the first doctor to realise this.

Question 5

Defence mechanisms.

Answer 5

The body prevents most pathogens getting in.
Pathogens which enter the body can be destroyed by white blood cells. white blood cells = part of the immune system. produce antibodies to help destroy other pathogens. produce antitoxins and they can ingest pathogens.

Question 6

Using drugs to treat disease.

Answer 6

some medicines may relieve the symptoms of disease but not kill pathogens that cause it. Antibodies cure bacterial diseases by killing the bacteria inside your body.
Antibiotics cannot destroy viruses, (kill bacteria = no effect on virus)
Viruses are difficult to destroy because they reproduce inside body cels.

Question 7

Growing and investigating bacteria.

Answer 7

Bacteria can be grown on agar jelly. everything must be sterilised (no unwanted micro-organisms)
uncontaminated cultures can be used to investigate the effect of antibiotics and disinfectants on the bacteria.

Question 8

Changing Pathogens.

Answer 8

If a pathogen changes by mutation the new strain may spread rapidly. Some new strains can cause epidemics and pandemics.
Some bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics by natural selection.

Question 9

Immunity.

Answer 9

Wide range of vaccines are given, vaccines contain dead or inactive pathogens. can protect against both bacterial and viral pathogens. Vaccines encourage your white blood cells to produce antibodies that destroy pathogens.

Question 10

How do we deal with disease?

Answer 10

vaccination protects individuals and society from the effects of disease.