Keeping healthy Flashcards
Balanced diet?
A diet the contains the correct amounts of nutrients
Malnourished?
The condition when the body does not get a balanced diet
Deficiency disease?
A disease caused by a lack of vitamins or minerals
What happens if the body has too many vitamins or too few?
- You become malnourished
- Too much=Too much energy and become overweight
- Too few=You develop a deficiency disease
Three reasons for someone to become malnourished
- Take in too much energy
- Take in too little energy
- Particular nutrients may be missing from their diet
White blood cells?
Engulf and digest microbes and produce antibodies and antigens
What do Pathogens have on top of them?
Antigen
Pathogen?
Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease
What are Antitoxins?
Produced by White blood cells which counteract toxins and are made by invading bacteria
What is sense?
Detects stimuli
All contains different receptors
Eyes; Ears ; Nose; Tongue and skin
Pros of Vaccinations
- Controls infectious infections
- Epidemic less likely
Cons of Vaccinations
- Don’t always work
- People have reactions
What does CNS stand for?
Central nervous system
What is sent to the CNS?
The information from the sense organs
Why is information sent to the CNS
So reflexes and actions can be coordinated
Sensory
Nerve cells that carry electrical signals from the receptors to the CNS
Relay
Nerve cells that carry electrical signals from the sensory neurones to the Motor neurones
Motor
Nerve cells that carry electrical signals from the CNS to the effector muscle glands
Stage 1 of the Menstrual cycle
Breakdown of the uterus lining.The brain will produce FSH
Stage 2 of the Menstrual cycle
The lining of the uterus builds up
Stage 3 of the Menstrual cycle
An egg is released on day 14.Which are the most fertile days for a women
Stage 4 of the Menstrual cycle
The wall is maintained for these days.If no fertilized egg implants the cycle starts again
Where is FSH produced from?
Pituitary gland
Where is LH produced from?
Pituitary gland
What does FSH do?
Causes eggs to mature in the Ovaries.Which then stimulated the Ovaries to produce Oestrogen
What does LH do?
Stimulates the release of an egg at the middle of the menstrual cycle
What is an Auxin?
A plant hormone that controls growth near the tip.
Auxin moves to the shaded side which creates cell elongation moving it toward the light.
What is a drug first tested on?
Human cells/tissue
What is is next tested on?
Live animals
Then?
Healthy human volunteers
Next?
People suffering (including a placebo)
Finally?
Ongoing reporting from doctors
What’s a placebo?
A fake drug
Hard drugs?
Normally extremely harmful and addictive
What do people use hard drugs for?
Stress relief and enjoyment
Example of legal drugs
Tabaco and alcohol
What damage can legal drugs such as Tabaco and Alcohol do to the body?
Lung cancer
Liver failure
Cold adaptions
- small surface area compared to the volume
- well insulated
- hairy coats/greasy fur
Warm adaptions
- Large surface area compared to the Volume
- Excellent water storage
- Good absorbers of water
What do plants compete for?
Light, space, water and minerals
What do animals compete for?
space , food, water and mates
What Lichens show us?
Show air pollution
What do mayflies show us?
Shows water pollution
What do Rat tailed maggots show us?
Indicate high water pollution
What do satellites do?
Measure temp of sea
What do rain gauges do?
Measure rainfall
Automatic weather station?
Atmospheric temps
What do plants take in?
Carbon , oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
What conditions do micro organisms live in?
Warm and moist
What do decomposers do?
Secrets enzymes to break down the products
How does variation happen?
Two gametes meet and fuse
What are characteristics determined by?
The mix of genetic and environmental variation
What does the nucleus contain?
Contains genetic information
How many chromosomes does a human have ?
23 pairs
What do chromosomes carry?
Genes. Which control the development different characteristics
What is a gene?
A long strand of DNA
What is a clone?
An ordinary cell divides into two
What do the first step of cloning ?
Sperm and egg cells are taken
Second
Embryo splits, divides and develops
Third
These are implanted into a surrogate
Final
All offering will be genetically identical
What are the issues of cloning?
Reduced gene pool Wipe out population Animals be less healthy Could lead to a greater understanding of development of embryos Preserve endangered animals
What is genetically engineering?
A useful gene is cut out of a chromosome using enzymes.
Then reproduced.
This is how insulin is made
What are advantages of GM crops ?
Increase the yield of crops
Crops made for people to add nutrients where they are lacking.
Grown elsewhere without problem.
Reduce biodiversity
What happens if some weeds become resistant?
Could create a super-weed variety
What do impulses travel along ?
Sensory neurone to spinal cord
Antibodies ?
They detect foreign antigens and will match them to fight off
Immunity?
A dead or inactive form of the disease is put in the body and it fights off the disease
