Keeping Healthy Flashcards
What happens if you eat the wrong balance of food?
You become malnourished
What is a metabolic rate
The speed that your body uses the energy released from your food.
What is cholesterol and what factors affect the amount of cholesterol in your blood?
Cholesterol is a fatty substance transported by the blood. It is affected by the amount of fat in your diet and inheritance.
What happens if you have high cholesterol?
It increases your risk of heart disease.
What are microorganisms?
Microorganisms are tiny living things that can only be seen using a microscope.
What are pathogens?
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause illness or disease.
How are bacteria and viruses passed?
Airborne droplets Food Liquids Direct contact Insect bites
What does a balanced diet include?
Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water Fibre
Why are diet programmes not reliable?
Manufacturers can make claims that are unsupported by evidence.
What is reliable data?
Reliable data is data that remains the same after several repeats. This type of data enables you to make informed decisions.
Why do bacteria make you ill?
By releasing toxins
Why do viruses make you ill?
They multiply by entering your cells. They make so many copies of themselves that the new viruses burst out of the cell destroying it. This gives you symptoms such as feeling sick or headache.
What are white blood cells?
White blood cells are specialised cells that defend your body against pathogens.
In what ways do your white blood cells defend your body from pathogens?
They ingest the pathogen and release enzymes to destroy it
They release chemicals called antibodies
They produce antitoxins to stop the toxins from poising your body
What happens when your body comes across a new pathogen?
A particular antibody can only destroy a particular pathogen. Therefore it has to learn how to make new antibodies
What do medicines like throat lozenges do?
They relieve symptoms but do not destroy the pathogen. Penicillin was the first to be discovered.
What do antibiotics do?
They kill bacteria but not viruses as it is difficult to destroy viruses without affecting your cells and tissues.
What do Your white blood cells do After they have destroyed a type of pathogen?
The will recognise it next time and produce the right antibodies quickly And kill the pathogen before it can affect you.
How do you gain immunity?
You have a vaccination that contains a weak or inactive pathogen which your body responds to as if you had the disease.
What happens to children who are not vaccinated?
They could develop illnesses like MMR that could put them in hospital as they do not have immunity.
What happens if enough people are immunised?
It becomes more difficult for that disease to be passed between those who are not immunised. It is recommended that at least 90% of people are vaccinated to prevent epidemics.
What happened in 1998?
A doctor claimed a link between the MMR jab and autism and the rate of vaccination dropped to 60% and the cases of measles rose rapidly other studies have shown no link and the vaccinations have risen up to 98%.
What is antibiotic resistance and how is it developed?
Antibiotic resistance is when antibiotics have no effect on your body and so can’t help you if you are ill. It is developed because sometimes when bacteria developed it mutates. This can result in the bacteria being resistant to antibiotics. These survive to reproduce meaning that there are more bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics so antibiotics can no longer kill those bacteria.
What is MRSA and why is it dangerous?
MRSA is a bacteria that is now resistant to antibiotic. It is responsible for thousands of deaths of hospital patients every year in the UK.
How do you prevent antibiotic resistance?
It is important not to overuse antibiotics which is why they are only used for serious illness.
What do bacteria and fungi need to grow?
Nutrients.
What do we use when growing microorganisms in laboratories?
We use agar gel in Petri dishes.
What temperature do microbes need ?
25 to 45
What is the maximum temperature in school for the incubator?
25 so if any harmful bacteria are present they will grow less well.
What happens if the safety procedures in late not followed in the aseptic technique?
You could introduce a harmful microbe into the harmless strain you are growing.
What is the maximum temperature in school for the incubator?
25 so if any harmful bacteria are present they will grow less well.
What happens if the safety procedures in late not followed in the aseptic technique?
You could introduce a harmful microbe into the harmless strain you are growing.
