Keeping Healthy

Question 1

What happens if you eat the wrong balance of food?

Answer 1

You become malnourished

Question 2

What is a metabolic rate

Answer 2

The speed that your body uses the energy released from your food.

Question 3

What is cholesterol and what factors affect the amount of cholesterol in your blood?

Answer 3

Cholesterol is a fatty substance transported by the blood. It is affected by the amount of fat in your diet and inheritance.

Question 4

What happens if you have high cholesterol?

Answer 4

It increases your risk of heart disease.

Question 5

What are microorganisms?

Answer 5

Microorganisms are tiny living things that can only be seen using a microscope.

Question 6

What are pathogens?

Answer 6

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause illness or disease.

Question 7

How are bacteria and viruses passed?

Answer 7

Airborne droplets
Food 
Liquids
Direct contact
Insect bites

Question 8

What does a balanced diet include?

Answer 8

Carbohydrates 
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Fibre

Question 9

Why are diet programmes not reliable?

Answer 9

Manufacturers can make claims that are unsupported by evidence.

Question 10

What is reliable data?

Answer 10

Reliable data is data that remains the same after several repeats. This type of data enables you to make informed decisions.

Question 11

Why do bacteria make you ill?

Answer 11

By releasing toxins

Question 12

Why do viruses make you ill?

Answer 12

They multiply by entering your cells. They make so many copies of themselves that the new viruses burst out of the cell destroying it. This gives you symptoms such as feeling sick or headache.

Question 13

What are white blood cells?

Answer 13

White blood cells are specialised cells that defend your body against pathogens.

Question 14

In what ways do your white blood cells defend your body from pathogens?

Answer 14

They ingest the pathogen and release enzymes to destroy it

They release chemicals called antibodies

They produce antitoxins to stop the toxins from poising your body

Question 15

What happens when your body comes across a new pathogen?

Answer 15

A particular antibody can only destroy a particular pathogen. Therefore it has to learn how to make new antibodies

Question 16

What do medicines like throat lozenges do?

Answer 16

They relieve symptoms but do not destroy the pathogen. Penicillin was the first to be discovered.

Question 17

What do antibiotics do?

Answer 17

They kill bacteria but not viruses as it is difficult to destroy viruses without affecting your cells and tissues.

Question 18

What do Your white blood cells do After they have destroyed a type of pathogen?

Answer 18

The will recognise it next time and produce the right antibodies quickly And kill the pathogen before it can affect you.

Question 19

How do you gain immunity?

Answer 19

You have a vaccination that contains a weak or inactive pathogen which your body responds to as if you had the disease.

Question 20

What happens to children who are not vaccinated?

Answer 20

They could develop illnesses like MMR that could put them in hospital as they do not have immunity.

Question 21

What happens if enough people are immunised?

Answer 21

It becomes more difficult for that disease to be passed between those who are not immunised. It is recommended that at least 90% of people are vaccinated to prevent epidemics.

Question 22

What happened in 1998?

Answer 22

A doctor claimed a link between the MMR jab and autism and the rate of vaccination dropped to 60% and the cases of measles rose rapidly other studies have shown no link and the vaccinations have risen up to 98%.

Question 23

What is antibiotic resistance and how is it developed?

Answer 23

Antibiotic resistance is when antibiotics have no effect on your body and so can’t help you if you are ill. It is developed because sometimes when bacteria developed it mutates. This can result in the bacteria being resistant to antibiotics. These survive to reproduce meaning that there are more bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics so antibiotics can no longer kill those bacteria.

Question 24

What is MRSA and why is it dangerous?

Answer 24

MRSA is a bacteria that is now resistant to antibiotic. It is responsible for thousands of deaths of hospital patients every year in the UK.

Question 25

How do you prevent antibiotic resistance?

Answer 25

It is important not to overuse antibiotics which is why they are only used for serious illness.

Question 26

What do bacteria and fungi need to grow?

Answer 26

Nutrients.

Question 27

What do we use when growing microorganisms in laboratories?

Answer 27

We use agar gel in Petri dishes.

Question 28

What temperature do microbes need ?

Answer 28

25 to 45

Question 29

What is the maximum temperature in school for the incubator?

Answer 29

25 so if any harmful bacteria are present they will grow less well.

Question 30

What happens if the safety procedures in late not followed in the aseptic technique?

Answer 30

You could introduce a harmful microbe into the harmless strain you are growing.

Question 31

What is the maximum temperature in school for the incubator?

Answer 31

25 so if any harmful bacteria are present they will grow less well.

Question 32

What happens if the safety procedures in late not followed in the aseptic technique?

Answer 32

You could introduce a harmful microbe into the harmless strain you are growing.