Kawasaki disease Flashcards
What is Kawasaki disease also known as
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
What is Kawasaki disease
inflammation of medium sized vessels in the whole body
Exam style presentation of Kawasaki disease
East Asian boys under 5 wither a persistent fever > 5 days with a rash, strawberry tongue, lymphadenopathy and conjunctivitis
What is the most common cause of Kawasaki disease
unknown- is autoimmune
What is the most common complication of Kawasaki disease
coronary artery aneurysm
What are the 3 main clinical features of Kawasaki disease
- fever for more than 5 days
- widespread erythematous maculopapular rash
- desquamation (peeling) of palms and soles
What are other possible features of Kawasaki disease (4)
- strawberry tongue
- cracked lips
- cervical lymphadenopathy
- bilateral conjunctivitis
What blood tests are done for Kawasaki disease
- FBC shows anaemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis
- LFTs shows hypoalbuminemia and elevated liver enzymes
- inflammatory markers (particularly ESR) raise
What other investigations are done for Kawasaki disease
- urinalysis- increased WBCs without infection
- echocardiogram - coronary artery pathology
What are the three stages of Kawasaki disease
- acute
-subacute
-convalescent (recovery)
What is the acute stage of Kawasaki disease
most unwell with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy (1-2 weeks)
What is the subacute phase of Kawasaki disease?
acute symptoms settle, desquamation and arthralgia occur and increased risk of coronary artery aneurysm occurs (2-4 weeks)
What is the convalescent stage of Kawasaki disease?
symptoms settle, blood tests return to normal and coronary artery aneurysms go away (2-4 weeks)
How to reduce thrombosis and coronary artery aneurysm risk in Kawasaki disease?
- high dose aspirin to decreases thrombosis risk
- IV immunoglobulins to decrease risk of coronary artery aneurysm
How to monitor Kawasaki disease
echo
