Kathleen Midterm Flashcards
What is pain?
Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, and whatever they say it does.
What is pathologic pain ?
Pain that persists after the usual time for healing that serves no useful purpose.
What is acute pain?
Pain that occurs with an injury and dissipates as it heals.
What is chronic pain?
Pain that is associated with a disease process, or when it persists after an injury.
What are the somatosensory receptors for pain called?
Nociceptors. They are found in all tissues except the central nervous system
What are the mechanisms that lead to the perception of pain?
Transduction, transmission, perception and modulation
What is the time range for pain to be chronic?
Chronic pain is defined as lasting for more than 3 months and could last for years
What is neuropathic pain?
Neuropathic pain results from a pathology or disease of the somatosensory system. It is pathologic.
What are the consequences of untreated pain?
Untreated pain affects the endocrine, respiratory, cardiovascular and physical functions of the body as well as causing fear, anxiety, anger, depression, etc.
How do we assess for pain?
PQRSTU
Provocation, Quality, Region, Severity, Timing, Understanding
What is in the hierarchy of pain measures?
Conduct an analgesic trial, evaluate physiological indicators, observe behavior, consider underlying pathology/conditions, attempt self-report
Why is surgical pain a problem?
Surgical pain is caused by trauma, muscle spasms, anxiety and fear, breathing, moving, position changes.
How often should we assess surgical pain?
Every 2 hours, when the patient reports it, before and after analgesics.
What is considered an acute and a chronic infection?
Acute is days to weeks, chronic is 12+ weeks
What is the process of infection?
Pathogen -> susceptible host -> reservoir -> portal of exit -> mode of transmission -> portal of entry
What is Otitis Media?
A middle ear infection, most prevalent in early childhood, primarily caused by malfunctioning Eustachian tubes.
What are risk factors for otitis media?
Second hand smoke, facial abnormalities, premature birth, lack of vaccines.
What are the treatments for otitis media?
Antibiotics, surgery, analgesics
What are the types of UTI’s?
Acute cystitis, painful bladder syndrome, acute/chronic polynephritis
Who is at risk for UTI’s?
People with female genitalia,premature newborns, prepubescent children, those with catheters, Diabetics, and those with urinary/bladder issues
How do we diagnose UTI’s?
Urine culture and sensitivity are preformed.
What is cystitis?
Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder.
What does the lower urinary tract have to do with UTI’s?
The lower urinary tract is the most common site of UTI’s.
What is the difference between cystitis and painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis ?
Often causes pain and bothersome frequency, symptoms of cystitis but negative urine cultures with no other known etiology.