karyotyping

Question 1

contain only one copy of each pair of
chromosome

Answer 1

gametes

Question 2

Each chromosome contains a region called the
_______, which divides the chromosome into two
arms

Answer 2

centromere

Question 3

two homologous X chromosomes

Answer 3

female

Question 4

nonhomologous pair, consisting of one
X and one Y chromosome

Answer 4

male

Question 5

Chromosomes other than sex chromosomes are
called

Answer 5

autosomes

Question 6

numbered 1-22 in descending
order of length

Answer 6

autosomes

Question 7

Group A

Answer 7

(1-3),

Question 8

GRoup B

Answer 8

(4-5),

Question 9

Group C

Answer 9

(6- 12)

Question 10

GRoup D

Answer 10

(13-15),

Question 11

GRoup E

Answer 11

(16-18),

Question 12

GRoup F

Answer 12

(19-20)

Question 13

Group G

Answer 13

(21-22)

Question 14

The chromosomes are usually studied and
photographed while they are in metaphase of
mitosis

Answer 14

karyotype

Question 15

What is the mitosis-inducing chemical added to the flask

Answer 15

phytohemagglutinin

Question 16

used to stop dividing
cells at metaphase

Answer 16

colcemid

Question 17

solution added to break open and destroy
the RBCs and swell the lymphocytes

Answer 17

salt solution

Question 18

incubation period for karyotyping

Answer 18

2-3 days

Question 19

used to produce a pattern of
bands that is specific to each chromosome

Answer 19

stains and dyes

Question 20

used common method

Answer 20

G banding

Question 21

Chromosomal abnormalities can be detected before
birth and chorionic villus
sampling to collect cells from embryos and fetuses

Answer 21

amniocentesis

Question 22

A technique used routinely to collect fetal cells for
analysis

Answer 22

amniocentesis

Question 23

It can be performed earlier in pregnancy (8 to 10
weeks)

Answer 23

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

Question 24

loss of a single
chromosome from an otherwise diploid
genome

Answer 24

Monosomy

Question 25

an organism gains or loses one or more chromosomes but not a complete set of chromosomes

Answer 25

Aneuploidy

Question 26

gain of one chromosome

Answer 26

trisomy

Question 27

– complete haploid sets of chromosomes are present

Answer 27

Euploidy

Question 28

If more than two sets are present,

Answer 28

polyploidy

Question 29

– three sets of chromosomes

Answer 29

Triploid

Question 30

four sets of chromosomes

Answer 30

Tetraploid

Question 31

This disrupts the normal distribution of chromosomes into gametes

Answer 31

nondisjunction

Question 32

a single copy of a recessive gene may be insufficient to provide life sustaining function

Answer 32

haploinsufficiency

Question 33

Describes instances in which more than two multiples of the haploid chromosome set are found

Answer 33

POLYPLOIDY

Question 34

has 3n chromosomes / 3 sets of chromosomes

Answer 34

triploid

Question 35

much more common in plants

Answer 35

Autopolyploidy or Allopolyploidy

Question 36

– addition of one or more extra sets of chromosomes identical to the normal haploid complement of the same species

Answer 36

Autopolyploidy

Question 37

combination of chromosome sets from different species occurring as a consequence of hybridization

Answer 37

Allopolyploidy

Question 38

It can also be produced at fertilization by the simultaneous penetration of a haploid egg by two haploid sperm

Answer 38

dispermy

Question 39

It can result from a failure of cytokinesis in the first mitotic division after fertilization

Answer 39

TETRAPLOIDY

Question 40

tge locations of genes are altered within the genome

Answer 40

translocations

Question 41

The ends produced at points of breakage are “_____” and can rejoin another broken ends

Answer 41

sticky

Question 42

When a chromosome breaks in one or more places and a portion of it is lost, the missing piece is called

Answer 42

deletion (deficiency)

Question 43

near one end

Answer 43

(terminal deletion)

Question 44

within the interior of the chromosome

Answer 44

(intercalary deletion)

Question 45

When any part of the genetic material, either a single locus or a large piece of a chromosome, is present more then once in the genome,

Answer 45

duplication

Question 46

A type of chromosomal aberration in which a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180 degrees within a chromosome

Answer 46

INVERSIONS

Question 47

the centromere is not part of the rearranged chromosome segmen

Answer 47

Paracentric inversion

Question 48

– the centromere is part of the inverted segmen

Answer 48

Pericentric inversion