Karli, 8% 4SAQ Flashcards
1
Q
What are the origins of the S-P model?
From Boulder conference 1949.
A
- Bring order to psychologist training
- context of working with ww2 vets (needed extra support from psychologists)
- Agreed training should include research and proactice
- Deveop interst and motivation in both science and proactice
- designed to improve practices adn legitimise profession
2
Q
Explain how is the S-P model a reciprocal process?
A
- scientific evidence should always inform practice
- our experiences in practice shoulds always be the basis of forming new hypiotheses to be tested by sicence
3
Q
What deos the S-P model mean for psychology as an industry?
A
- The basic principals of psychology should be derived from science
- Psychologist (opractitioner) is a data gatherer and hypothesis tester
- Works in tandem with clinical skills
4
Q
Critique 1 of the S-P model?
The changing view in Science
A
- When the model was first proposed, there was a belief that there were concrete facts in pschy (like physics)
- then we moved from behaviourism to cognitivism
- Our construction of the world is consturcted and influenced by culture and experience (not concrete) - cognitivism so psychology as a science becomes debateable
REBUT:
- Even though thisngs arent’ concrete we approach them in a scientific way ewith prediction and rigorous testing of concepts, ideas and interventions
5
Q
Critique 2 of the S-P model
The Role of Tacit Knowledge
A
- The pure science model seems to claim that only knowledge the pratitioner has comes thorugh science
- Model appears to reject implicit knowledge that comes from practive, theraputic alliance (interpersonal skills, ethical behaviour, cultural understanding)
REBUT
- We do use our theraputic alliance and interpersonal communication skills in tandem with a scientific approach to acihve great outcomes fro clients
6
Q
Critique 3 of the S-P model
Practitioners don’t do research
A
- clin psychs don’t actually do that much research
- academic v service focused environments
REBUT:
- Even if you are a clin psych that doesnt do research that is peer reviewed, you can research eveidence based techniques for the best outcome for patients and disseminate best practices amongst your peers
7
Q
What was strickers re-conceptualisation of the S-P model?
A
- Science is defined by attitudes - how you approach your practice - so you don’t have to be publishing papers to adhere to the S-P model.
- critical thinking
- imagination
- rigor
- sceptical
- openess to change when evidence tells you otherwise
- All of the above are required to be a good practitioner and stay up to date as a threrapist regarding new ideas
8
Q
What is the Local Clinical Science MOdel
A
- Raising hypo in the consulting room: individual treatments
- Seeking confirmatory or disconfirmitory evidence to respond to a patient needs
- apply a reaserach finding to directly to a patient
- assess if it works and be flexible where required
So if we have good evidence - we alter our clincial practice.
9
Q
How to apply the Local clinical Science model to treatment and practice?
A
- TRETMENT
- try to find the effective parts of the treatment
- draw on efficacy research
- apply techniques and how to apply flexibly
- use quantative assesment to test if treatment works (questionairres or assessments)
- PRACTICE
- Not all clinicians will be good at evidence based techniques
- clinicians have diff preferences for approaches to therapy
- reflection is key to figuring out where skills liw and preferences for treatment
10
Q
Why is there an increasing demand for Evidence Based Prac?
A
- makes practitioners more accountable:
- professions demand you meet certain criteria
- Registration beards protect public
- Funding sources want evidence you are doin a a good job
- consumers want confidence that they are getting the best therapy
- Insurers and services want practice that doesnt cause hard
11
Q
Evidence based practice, how does it tie in ethically to what a therapist must do?
A
- Act to offer the client the best treatment available (empirically supported therapy)
- Not diminish its effectiveness
- ensure the client is not harmed
12
Q
What is evidence based practice? DEFINITION
A
- A process that involves the conscious, explicit use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the client.
- INtegrating evidence with clinical expertise - this is the crux
13
Q
Evidence based practice model to learn:
synthesiser, researcher, patient, clinician
->
best evidence, patient values, cliniical expertise
->
decision making
A
14
Q
What is the McMAster 5 step EBM process?
5A’s
A
- Ask (formulate Q)
- Acquire (search for answers by finding evidence)
- Appraise (evaluate the evidnce for quality trustworthiness)
- Apply results
- Assess the outcome (continually evaluate and re-assess)
15
Q
What are the 4 NHMRC levels of evidence?
A
- Level 1
- Evidence obtained from a systematic review of all RCTs
- Level 2
- Evidence obtained from at least one properly designed RCT
- Level 3 (I)
- Evidence from well designed pseudo-RCTs (alternate allocation, quasi exp)
- Level 3 (II)
- Evidemce obtained from comparitive studies with no random allocation. (caxse control studies or time series with a control group)
- Level 3 (III)
- Eveidence obtained from comparitive studies without concurrent controls
- Level 4
- Evidence obtained from case series ewither post or pre and post test
