Karius - DSA Flashcards
What is ageusia and hypoguesia?
Absent or deminished taste caused by lesion of facial (Bell’s palsy) or CN IX
What protein initiates adaptation? What mediates short-term adaptation/desensitization to smell? What does it respond to? What does it do?
Calmodulin, Lowers receptor affinity of R pertaining to saturating odorant
Ca/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
responds to cAMP
How many odorant R’s are on the cilia/dendrites of each olfactory neuron? How many different kinds?
Many
Just one
What do olfactory glomeruli receive?
Olfactory information from only ONE receptor type
What type of R’s are olfactory? What do they activate and what’s their downstream product?
G-olf (Gs-like)
Adenylate Cyclase
cAMP
What R mediates salt and sour tastes?
ENaC (ionotropic), Na for salt and H for sour
What R’s function for sweet, bitter, and umami?
Metabotropic GPCR’s
Which taste has the lowest response threshold and why?
Bitter, because many poisonous things are bitter!
Why is olfactory R turnover clinically significant?
If they can no longer “turnover”, olfactory capability will be lost.
How is concentration of odorant or tastant pertinent to its interpretation?
At higher concentrations, these things begin to activate R’s with less affinity.. Thus changing the experience (likely to something unwanted)
What is the purpose of a TAAR R?
Detection of pheremones
Anosmia, hyposmia, and hyperosmia.. When are these seen?
Anosmia: Kallman’s syndrome, lesion of olfactory n
Hyposmia: congestion
Hyperosmia: pregnancy
What is the purpose of (peri)glomerular and granular cells in the olfactory bulb? What neurotransmitter do they use?
To improve smell signal specificity to the brain, able to cancel extraneous “noise” allowing to brain to focus on certain smells
Periglomerular acts on glomeruli, granular acts on mitral and tufted cells
Both use GABA
What is the purpose of the olfactory cortex? What are two major parts of it?
To identify that a smell has been picked up, but context of the smell must be determined elsewhere
Piriform cortex and lateral entorhinal cortex
What is the purpose of (peri)glomerular and granular cells in the olfactory bulb? What neurotransmitter do they use?
To improve smell signal specificity to the brain, able to cancel extraneous “noise” allowing to brain to focus on certain smells
Periglomerular acts on glomeruli, granular acts on mitral and tufted cells
Both use GABA
