Karius Acid and Bases

Question 1

Value ranges to know for what pH, arterial oxygen, arterial carbon dioxide, and arterial bicarbonate

Answer 1

Arterial oxygen:
80-100

Arterial carbon dioxide:
35-45 use 40

Arterial pH:
7.35-7.45 use 7.40

Arterial bicarbonate:
22-26 use 24

Question 2

how does changes in HCO3 alter the pH and how are they changed in the body

Answer 2

increase in HCO3 increases pH

decrease in HCO3 decreases pH

Kidneys move HCO3 into the rine and reabsorb the HCO3 along with secreting H+ into the urine

the GI secretes HCO3 and H+
-vomiting or diarrhea will cause a loss of HCO3

Anti-acids too many tums

making surprise acids: lactic acid/lactate, ketoacids

all changes are known as metabolic changes

Question 3

what does an increased CO2 in arterial blood mean in regards to the pH

Answer 3

more CO2 means more H2CO3 and more H+ therefore leading to acidosis and a decrease in pH

Question 4

what does a decrease in CO2 in arterial blood mean in regards to pH

Answer 4

Less CO2 means leass H2CO3 and less H+ leading to alkalosis or in other words an increase in pH

Question 5

what does it mean if it is a respiratory disturbance

Answer 5

Anything that alters CO2 movement from the alveoli to the blood will produce Respiratory disturbances in the acid-base balance

Question 6

If the pH is less than 7.4 what could be the probable causes and what is the bodies way to compensate

Answer 6

less than 7.4 the pH is acidosis

Metabolic: the HCO3- is less than 24
-compensated by decreasing the Pco2 below 40mmHg (respiratory)

Respiratory: the Pco2 is greater than 40mmHg
-compensated by increasing the HCO3- over 24 (renal)

Question 7

if the pH is greater than 7.4 what could be the probable causes and what is the bodies way to compensate

Answer 7

greater than 7.4 is alkalosis

Metabolic: HCO3- is greater than 24
-compensated by increasing Pco2 over 40mmHg (respiratory)

Respiratory: the pCO2 is less than 40mmHg
-compensated by decreasping HCO3- below 24 (renal)