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OB/GYN > Kaplan Review > Flashcards

Kaplan Review Flashcards

1
Q

Incidence of chromosomal abnormalities 25 and 35

A

25 - 1/250

35 - 1/365

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2
Q

CVS - risk of pregnancy loss, age optimal, what you find

A

0.7% risk of pregnancy loss

done at 12-18 weeks

fetal karyotyping

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3
Q

amniocentesis - risk of pregnancy loss, age, what you find

A

0.5% risk of pregnancy loss

done at 15-20 weeks

genetic purposes or Rh isoimmunization

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4
Q

risk of NTD

A

1-2/1000

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5
Q

major teratogenic risk week

A

postconception weeks 4-8

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6
Q

hcg is produced by and peaks at

A

placental syncytiotrophoblast, starts at 10 days peaks at 9-10 weeks

  • maintain corpus luteum production of progesterone
  • high levels are twin, moles, choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma
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7
Q

hpl

A

similar to growth hormone and prolactin

- contributes to predisposition of pregnancy to glucose tolerance and diabetes

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8
Q

progesterone

A

produced by corpus luteum 6-7, then corpus luteum and placenta 7-9, then placenta 9 weeks

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9
Q

estradiol

A

estrogen during nonpregnant reproductive years

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10
Q

estriol

A

estrogen during pregnancy

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11
Q

estrone

A

estrogen during menopause

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12
Q

change in blood pressure

A

systolic and diastolic decrease, nadir by 24-28 weeks

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13
Q

plasma volume is… up, down, same

A

increased by 50%

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14
Q

PVR… up, down, same

A

decreases by 30%

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15
Q

cardiac output… up, down, same

A

increases by 50%

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16
Q

WBC…up, down, same

A

increases during pregnancy

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17
Q

coag factors…up, down, same and which ones

A

increases, 7, 8, 9, C

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18
Q

gastric motility…up, down, same

A

decreases, emptying time increases

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19
Q

tidal volume./…up, down, same

A

increases

20
Q

minute ventilation…. up, down, same

A

increases

21
Q

kidneys and GFR/ RPF, creatinine…up, down, same

A

increases in size, GFR increase, RPF increase, creatinine increases

22
Q

pituitary size… up, down, same

A

increases by 100%, increasing vascularity

23
Q

adrenal gland…. up, down, same

A

unchanged but cortisol increases

24
Q

best way to gauge age of fetus

A

ultrasound in first trimester

25
Q

alpha fetoprotein maternal

A

glycoprotein in fetus, peaks at 12 weeks

26
Q

elevated alpha fetoprotein

A 
dating error
NTD, open
IUGR
still birth
preeclampsia
27
Q

glucose tolerance tests step 1

A

1 hour, 50 gram oral glucose, abnormal 140 or above

28
Q

glucose tolerance tests step 2

A 
3 hour, 100 gram
normal: fasting under 95
1 hour under 180
2 hour under 155
3 hour under 140
29
Q

congenital rubella

A

congenital deafness, congenital heart disease, cataracts, mental retardation, HSM, thrombocytopenia, blueberry muffin rash

30
Q

congenital CMV

A

most common, petechiae, meningoencephalitis, HSM, thrombocytopenia, jaundice

31
Q

congenital syphilis

A

hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars, saber shins, saddle nose, 8th nerve deafness

32
Q

sx of abruption placenta

A

pain over uterus, knifelike, vaginal bleeding

severe: fetal brady, late decel

33
Q

risk factors for abruptio placenta

A

previous abruption, hypertension, maternal trauma

34
Q

tx for abruptio placenta

A

csection, vaginal delivery, in hospital observation

35
Q

placenta previa risk factors

A

previous placenta previa and multiple gestation

36
Q

tx for placenta previa

A

c section, hospital, vaginal delivery, scheduled c section

37
Q

sx for vasa previa

A

rupture of membranes, painless vaginal bleeding, fetal brady

38
Q

sx for uterine rupture

A

vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, alteratioins in uterine contractility

39
Q

risk factors for uterine rupture

A

previous classic uterine incision, myomectomy, excessive oxytocin, grand multiparity

40
Q

tx for uterine rupture

A

immediate c section

41
Q

most common aneuploidy

A

turner syndrome, 45 X

42
Q

missed abortion

A

nonviable pregnancy without vaginal bleeding, uterine cramping, cervical dilation

tx: D&C, conservative management

43
Q

threatened abortion

A

viable pregnancy with vaginal bleeding, no cervical dilation

tx: observation, no intervention, half continue to term

44
Q

inevitable abortion

A

vaginal bleeding, uterine cramping leading to cervical dilation, no products of conception has yet been passed

tx: D&C to prevent further blood loss and anemia

45
Q

incomplete abortion

A

vaginal bleeding and uterine cramping leading to dilation, some products of conception

tx: D&C to prevent further blood loss and anemia

46
Q

completed abortion

A

vaginal bleeding, uterine cramping, all products passed

47
Q

sx of chorioamnitis

A

maternal fever, uterine tenderness in PROM without URI or UTI

OB/GYN (3 decks)

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