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Kaplan NCLEX-RN Drug Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Cetirizine HCL

(se-_teer_-a-zeen)

(Zyrtec)

Allergy and Asthma Medication

Antihistamine

A

Action: Relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms; relief of perennial allergic rhinitis caused by molds, animal dander, and other allergens

Side Effects: (1) Drowsiness (2) Fatigue (3) Dry mouth (4) Stomach pain (5) Diarrhea (6) Vomiting

Nursing Considerations:

  • Avoid alcohol during cetirizine therapy
  • Call physician immediately for difficulty breathing or swallowing
  • Notify physician for hydroxyzine (Vistaril) allergy
  • Rx, Preg Cat B
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2
Q

Fexofenadine

(fex-oh-_fen_-a-deen)

(Allegra)

Allergy and Asthma Medication

Antihistamine

A

Action: Management of rhinitis, allergy symptoms, chronic idiopathic urticaria

Dose/Route/Duration: 60 mg tablet-onset within 1 hour, peak 2-3 hours, duration about 12 hours OR 180 mg tablet-duration 24 hours

Side Effects: (1) Drowsiness (2) Headache (3) Dizziness (4) Diarrhea (5) Vomiting (6) Pain (7) Cough (8) Hives (9) Rash (10) Itching (11) Difficulty breathing (12) Hoarseness (13) Swelling

Nursing Considerations:

  • Avoid alcohol, CNS depressants
  • Notify physician if taking erythromycin or ketoconazole (Nizoral)
  • If taking aluminum magnesium antacid, take antacid a few hours before or after fexofenadine
  • Rx; Preg Cat C
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3
Q

Hydroxyzine

(hye-drox-i-zeen)

(Anx, Atarax, Vistaril)

Allergy and Asthma Medication

Antihistamine

A

Action: Treatment of pruritis, pre-op anxiety, post-op nausea and vomiting, to potentiate opioid analgesics, sedation

Route/Duration: PO/onet 15-30 minutes, duration 4-6 hours

Side Effects: (1) Drowsiness (2) Dry mouth, nose, and throat (3) Dizziness (4) Headache (5) Chest congestion (6) Reddening of skin

Nursing Considerations:

  • Avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants
  • Treatment of alcohol withdrawal
  • Teach patient that dizziness/drowsiness may occur; use caution in potentially hazardous activities
  • Notify physician of diagnosis of glaucoma, ulcers, enlarged prostate gland, liver disease, hypertension, seizures, or hyperthyroidism
  • Observe for difficulty breathing
  • Muscle weakness
  • Increased anxiety
  • Rx, Preg Cat C
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4
Q

Loratadine

(lor-_a_-ti-deen)

(Alavert, Claritin)

Allergy and Asthma Medication

Antihistamine

A

Action: Management of seasonal rhinitis

Duration: Onset 1-3 hours, peak 8-12 hours, duration >/= 24 hours

Side Effects: (1) Headache (2) Dry mouth (3) Epistaxis (nosebleed) (4) Sore throat (5) Diarrhea (6) Rash (7) Nervousness (8) Weakness (9) Stomach pain (10) Wheezing (11) Dysphagia (12) Dyspnea (13) Hives (14) Swelling of face or extremeties (15) Hoarseness (16) Mouth Sores (17) Insomnia

Nursing Considerations:

  • Avoid alcohol, CNS depressants
  • Take on empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
  • OTC or Rx, Preg Cat B
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5
Q

Beclomethasone

(be-kloe-_meth_-a-sone)

(Beclovent, Beconase, Qvar)

Allergy and Asthma Medication

Corticosteroid

A

Action: Used in chronic asthma treatment, seasonal or perenneal rhinitis; prevention of recurrence of nasal polyps after surgical removal

Route/Duration: Nasal spray - onset 5-7 days (up to 3 weeks in some patients), peak up to 3 weeks; Inhaler - onset 10 minutes

Side Effects: (1) Dysphonia (2) Hoarseness (3) Oropharyngeal fungal infections (4) Headache (5) Sore throat (6) Dyspepsia (7) Unpleasant taste and smell (8) Rhinitis (9) Nausea (10) Cough (11) Angioedema (12) Back pain

Nursing Considerations:

  • Use regular peak flow monitoring to determine respiratory status
  • Rx, Preg Cat C
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6
Q

Flunisolide

(floo-_niss_-oh-lide)

(Aerobid, Nasalide)

Allergy and Asthma Medication

Corticosteroid

A

Action: Used in chronic asthma treatment, seasonal or perennial rhinitis

Onset: few days

Side Effects: (1) Dysphonia (2) Hoarseness (3) Oropharyngeal fungal infections (4) Headache (5) Sore throat (6) Nasal congestion, cold symptoms (7) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (8) Unpleasant taste, upset stomach (9) Epistaxis (nosebleed)

Nursing Considerations:

  • Use regular peak flow monitoring to determine respiratory status
  • Rx, Preg Cat C
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7
Q

Fluticasone

(floo-_tik_-a-sone)

(Flonase)

Allergy and Asthma Medication

Corticosteroid

A

Action: Used in chronic asthma treatment, seasonal or perennial rhinitis

Route/Duration: Nasal spray - onset within 2 days, peak 1-2 weeks

Side Effects: (1) Dysphonia (2) Hoarseness (3) Oropharyngral fungal infections (4) Headache (5) Sore throat (6) Nasal congestion, cold symptoms (7) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (8) Unpleasant taste, upset stomach (9) Epistaxis (nosebleed), nasal irritation (10) Hives (11) Dyspnea (12) Dysphagia (13) Angioedema

Nursing Considerations:

  • Used regular peak flow monitoring to determine respiratory status
  • Rx, Preg Cat C
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8
Q

Fluticasone Propionate Salmeterol

(floo-_tik_-a-sone proe-pee-oh-nate sal-_meh_-te-role)

(Advair Diskus)

Allergy and Asthma Medication

Corticosteroid

A

Action: Used when asthma is not well controlled with long-term inhaled corticosteroids; COPD

Route/Duration: Oral inhalation - twice daily dosage, 12 hours apart; used long term (rinse mouth after oral inhalation)

Side Effects: (1) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (2) Headache (3) Dysphonia, hoarseness (4) Throat irritation, cough (5) Oropharyngeal fungal infections (6) Muscle and bone paion (7) Viral respiratory infections, bronchitis

Nursing Considerations:

  • Use regular peak flow monitoring to determine respiratory status
  • Monitor growth of pediatric patient
  • Monitor for glaucoma and cataracts
  • May decrease bone mineral density
  • Monitor for eosinophilic conditions, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia
  • May increase risk of pneumonia in patients with COPD
  • May cause worsening of infections
  • Check oral cavity for Candida albicans
  • Rx, Preg Cat C
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9
Q

Mometasone

(moe-_met_-a-sone)

(Nasonex Spray)

Allergy and Asthma Medication

Corticosteroid

A

Action: Used in chronic asthma treatment, seasonal or perennial rhinitis

Route/Duration: Nasal spray - onset few days, peak up to 3 weeks

Side Effects: (1) Dysphonia (2) Hoarseness (3) Oropharyngeal fungal infections (4) Headache (5) Sore throat (6) Nasal congestion, cold symptoms (7) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (8) Unpleasant taste, upset stomach

Nursing Considerations:

  • Use regular peak flow monitoring to determine respiratory status
  • Rx, Preg Cat C
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10
Q

Triamcinolone

(try-am-_sin_-oh-lone)

(Nasacort AQ Spray)

Allergy and Asthma Medication

Corticosteroid

A

Action: Used in chronic asthma treatment, seasonal or perennial rhinitis

Route/Duration: Nasal spray - onset few days, peak 3-4 days; PO/IM - peak 1-2 hours

Side Effects: (1) Dysphonia (2) Hoarseness (3) Oropharyngeal fungal infections (4) Headache (5) Sore throat (6) Nasal congestion, cold symptoms (7) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (8) Unpleasant taste, upset stomach (9) Epistaxis (nosebleed) (10) Flu syndrome (11) Increased cough (12) Bronchitis

Nursing Considerations:

  • Use regular peak flow monitoring to determine respiratory status
  • Rx, Preg Cat C
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11
Q

Acetaminophen

(a-seet-a-_min_-o-fen)

(Acephen, Enducet, FeverAll, Genapap, Genebs, Liquiprin, Tylenol, Wygesic)

Analgesic

Nonopioid Analgesic

A

Action: Treatment of mild pain or fever

Route/Duration: PO - onset less than 1 hour, peak 30 minutes to 2 hours

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12
Q

Aspirin

(as-pir-in)

Analgesics

Noonopioid Analgesics

A

Action: Management of mild to moderate pain or fever, transient ischemic attacks, prophylaxis of MI, ischemic stroke, angina

Route/Onset: PO: onset 15-30 minutes, peak 1-2 hours, duration 4-6 hours; Rectal: onset slow, 20%-60% absorbed if retained 2-4 hours.

Side Effects: (1) Nausea (2) Vomiting (3) Rash (4) Angioedema (5) Dyspnea (6) Melena (7) Tinnitus (8) GI Bleeding

Nursing Considerations:

  • With long-term use, check for liver damage: dark urine, clay-colored stools, yellowing of skin and sclera, itching, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea
  • For arthritis, give 30 minutes before exercise; may take 2 weeks before full effect is felt
  • Discard tablets if vinegar-like smell
  • Do not give to children or teens with flulike symptoms or chickenpox; Reye syndrome may develop
  • OTC; Preg Cat C
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13
Q

Celecoxib

(sel-eh-_cox_-ib)

(Celebrex)

Analgesics

Nonopioid Analgesics

A

Action: Management of acute, chronic arthritis pain and primary dysmenorrheal pain relief within 60 minutes

Onset: 24-48 hours, duration 12-24 hours

Side Effects: (1) Fatigue (2) Anxiety (3) Depression (4) Nervousness (5) Nausea (6) Vomiting (7) Anorexia (8) Dry Mouth (9) Constipation (10) Angioedema (11) Hives (12) Dyspnea (13) Back Pain (14) Tachycardia (15) Jaundice (16) Dysuria

Nursing Considerations:

  • Can take without regard to meals
  • Increasing doses do not appear to increase effectiveness
  • Do not take if allergic to sulfonamides, aspirin, or NSAIDs
  • Rx; Preg Cat C for first and second trimester; Preg Cat D for third trimester
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14
Q

Ibuprofen

(eye-byoo-_proe_-fen)

(Advil, Motrin, IB)

Analgesics

Nonopioid Analgesics

A

Action: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, primary dysmenorrhea, gout, dental pain, musculoskeletal disorders, fever

Onset: 30 minutes, peak 1-2 hours

Side Effects: (1) Headache (2) Tinnitus (3) Nausea (4) Anorexia (5) Dizziness (6) Blood Dyscrasias (7) Constipation (8) GI Bleeding

Nursing Considerations:

  • Contact clinician if ringing or roaring in ears, which may indicate toxicity
  • Contact clinician if changes in urinary pattern, increased weight, edema, increased pain in joints, fever, or blood in urine, which may indicate kidney damage
  • Use sunscreen to prevent photosensitivity
  • Avoid use with ASA, NSAIDs, and alcohol, which may precipitate GI bleeding
  • Avoid use with anticoagulants
  • May have an increase risk of MI or stroke
  • OTC, Rx; Preg Cat B
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15
Q

Naproxen

(na-_prox_-en)

(Aleve [OTC], Anaprox, Anaprox DS, Naprelan, EC-Naprosyn, Naprosyn)

Analgesics

Nonopioid Analgesics

A

Action: Management of mild to moderate pain; Treatment of rheumatoid, juvenile, and gouty arthritis; osteoarthritis; primary dysmenorrhea

Side Effects: (1) GI Bleeding (2) Blood dyscrasias (3) Tinnitus (4) Headache (5) Insomnia (6) Vision Changes (7) Rash (8) Angioedema (9) Jaundice (10) Tachycardia (11) Back Pain (12) Nausea

Nursing Considerations:

  • Patients with asthma, ASA hypersensitivity, or nasal polyps have increase risk of hypersensitivity
  • Contact clinician if blurred vision or ringing or roaring in ears, may indicate toxicity
  • Contact clinician if black stools, flulike symptoms
  • Contact clinician if changes in urinary pattern, increased weight, edema, increased pain in joints, fever, or blood in urine, which may indicate kidney damage
  • Avoid use with ASA, steroids, and alcohol
  • May increase risk of MI or stroke
  • OTC; Rx; Preg Cat B
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16
Q

Codeine​

(koe-deen)

Analgesics

Opioid Analgesics

A

Action: Treatment of moderate to severe pain; nonproductive cough

Route/Onset: PO: onset 30-45 minutes, peak 60-120 minutes, duration 4-6 hours; IM/subQ: onset 10-30 minutes, peak 30-60 minutes, duration 4-6 hours

Side Effects: (1) Drowsiness (2) Sedation (3) Nausea (4) Vomiting (5) Anorexia (6) Respiratory Depression (7) Constipation (8) Orthostatis hypotension (9) Dysuria (10) Hives (11) Dyspnea (12) Syncope (13) Angioedema (14) Seizures

Nursing Considerations:

  • Do not give is respirations are less than 12 per minute
  • Avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants
  • Withdrawal symptoms may occur: nausea, vomiting, cramps, fever, faintness, anorexia
  • Physical dependency may result from long-term use
  • Rx C-II, III, IV, V (depends on route); Preg Cat C
17
Q

Hydrocodone Bitartrate & Acetaminophen

(hye-droe-_koe_-doan)

(Lortab, Vicodin)

Analgesics

Opioid Analgesics

A

Action: Used for relief of moderate to moderately severe pain

Side Effects: (1) Dizziness (2) Drowsiness (3) Constipation (4) Nausea (5) Vomiting (6) Respiratory Depression (7) Sedation (8) Impairment of mental and physical performance (9) Rash (10) Pruritis

Nursing Considerations:

  • Use with CNS depressants and/or alcohol may result in addictive CNS depression
  • May be habit-forming
  • Avoid alcohol during treatment
  • Use with caution in patient with pulmonary considerations
  • RX C-III; Preg Cat C
18
Q

Hydromorphone

(hye-droe-_mor_-fone)

(Dilaudid)

Analgesics

Opioid Analgesics

A

Action: Treatment of moderate to sever pain; nonproductive cough

Route/Onset/Duration: PO: onset 15-30 minutes, peak 30-60 minutes, duration 4-6 hours; IM: onset 15 minutes, peak 30-60 minutes, duration 4-5 hours; IV: onset 10-15 minutes, peak 15-30 minutes, duration 2-3 hours; subQ: onset 15 minutes, peak 30-90 minutes, duration 4 hours; Rectal: duration 6-8 hours

Side Effects: (1) Drowsiness (2) Sedation (3) Nausea (4) Vomiting (5) Anorexia (6) Respiratory Depression (7) Constipation (8) Cramps (9) Orthostatic Hypotension (10) Confusion (11) Headache (12) Rash

Nursing Considerations:

  • Do not give if respirations are less than 12 per minute
  • Avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants
  • Withdrawal symptoms may occurs: nausea, vomiting, cramps, feer, faintness, anorexia
  • Physical dependency may result from long-term use
  • Elderly patients require lower doses
  • Rx C-II; Preg Cat C
19
Q

Meperidine

(me-_pair_-i-deen)

(Demerol)

Analgesics

Opioid Analgesics

A

Action: Management of moderate to severe pain, pre-op sedation, post-op, and OB analgesia

Route/Onset/Duration: PO: onset 10-15 minutes, peak 30-60 minutes, duration 2-4 hours (usually 3); IM: onset 10-15 minutes, peak 30-50 minutes, duration 2-4 hours (usually 3); IV: onset less than 5 minutes, peak 5-7 minutes, duration 2-4 hours (usually 3); subQ: onset 10-15 minutes, peak 30-50 minutes, duration 2-4 hours (usually 3)

Side Effects: (1) Drowsiness (2) Sedation (3) Respiratory Depression (4) Euphoria (5) Orthostatic Hypotension (6) Confusion (7) Headache (8) Bradycardia (9) Diaphoresis (10) Urticaria

Nursing Considerations:

  • Do not give if respirations are less than 12 per minute
  • Avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants
  • Withdrawal symptoms may occur: nausea, vomiting, cramps, fever, faintness, anorexia
  • Physical dependency may result from long-term use
  • Do not co-infuse with barbiturates, aminophylline, heparin, morphine, methicillin, phenytoin, sodium bicarbonate, sulfadiazine, or sulfisoxazole
  • Rx C-II; Preg Cat C
20
Q

Methadone

(meth-a-doan)

(Dolophine, Methadose)

Analgesics

Opioid Analgesics

A

Action: Relief of pain, detoxification/maintenance of narcotic addiction

Route/Onset/Duration: PO: onset 30-60 minutes, peak 30-60 minutes, duration 4-6 hours (with continuous dosing, duration of action my increase to 22 to 48 hours); IM: onset 10-20 minutes, peak 60-120 minutes, duration 4-5 hours (with continuous dosing, duration of action may increase to 22 to 48 hours); IV: onset peak 15-30 minutes, duration 3-4 hours

Side Effects: (1) Drowsiness (2) Sedation (3) Nausea (4) Vomiting (5) Anorexia (6) Respiratory Depression (7) Constipation (8) Cramps (9) Orthostatic Hypotension (10) Confusion (11) Headache (12) Rash (13) Arrhythmias (14) Syncope (15) Agitation (16) Diaphoresis (17) Hypokalemia (18) Pulmonary Edema

Nursing Considerations:

  • Do not give is respirations are less than 12 per minute
    *

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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