Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 320: Evidence-Based Learning > Kaplan Integrated Test > Flashcards

Kaplan Integrated Test Flashcards

1
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Makes broad generalizations from specific observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Starts with a general statement, hypothesis, and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypothesis

A

A written, declarative statement in the present tense of a prediction of the relationship between 2 or more variables. Used in quantitative research (not qualitative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

Predicts there is no relationship between the variables stated in the hypothesis. Not acknowledging a null hypothesis threatens overall study validity. Careful sample selection using power analysis can help prevent these errors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Type I Error

A

Null hypothesis is true but is rejected. This is more concerning than Type II errors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type II Errors

A

Null hypothesis is not true but is not rejected, since a relationship between the studied variables does exist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Quantitative Research

A

Grounded upon scientific method, focuses on more objective evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Independent Variable

A

Treatment, intervention, or experimental variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Outcome, the ruling of extraneous effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Extraneous Variable

A

Unplanned effect on an outcome in a research study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

An example of an extraneous variable: refers to the psychological effect when subjects change their behavior from how they would normally behave because they know they’re being observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Methods for Survey Research

A

Interviews and questionnaires. May address knowledge, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes, feelings, experiences, behaviors, etc. Questions should be clear, simple, ordered from general to specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Questionnaire

A

Can be written or electronic. Pros: Inexpensive, fast, easy to analyze, allow for anonymity. Cons: Low response rates, doesn’t allow for clarification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Attitude Scales

A

Likert scale and Semantic DIfferential scale are structured, self-report measures to learn more about the attitudes of the subjects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Likert Scale

A

Attitude statements of usually 5-7 points, ranging from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree. Scores of all questions are summed to obtain 1 total score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Semantic Differential Scale

A

Not as commonly used as the Likert Scale. Pairs of 2 opposite adjectives are placed on lines with a 7-point scale between them. Subjects mark the point that best represents their attitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Descriptive Studies

A

Describe characteristics of a topic: individuals, groups, situations and/or frequency of occurrence of certain phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Correlational Studies

A

Examine relationships between variables or between subjects and the strength and direction of the relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Quasi-experimental studies

A

Examine causality but there is NO random assignment and/or control group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Experimental Studies

A

Examine causality and DO have random assignment of subjects, with both an experimental and a control group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinical Trials

A

Research studies, experimental in design, which assess the effects of specific new or revised clinical interventions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)

A

Viewed as the gold standard for evidence-based practice decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cross-sectional Studies

A

Look at 1 phenomenon at 1 point in time and across multiple separate populations that differ in a clear characteristic such as age, developmental status. Allows for a picture of a phenomenon as it exists in the present. Pros: relatively economical, easy to design/implement, quick to conduct and obtain results. Cons: Don’t capture changes that occur over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study

A

Follows subjects over a period of time in the future. Data is collected at 2 or more different times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Prospective Study

A

Study of interest is identified in the present and subjects are followed for a given time frame in the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cohort Study

A

Type of longitudinal study in which subjects come from similar background or were born in the same time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Retrospective Study

A

Uses past data which has already been collected about events that have already occurred. Record review is possible source of data. Good study for exploratory research but not for experimental research

28
Q

Pilot Study

A

Smaller scale version of a planned study which identifies and prevents a problem that could occur in the larger study. Testing of methods and procedures of the planned study are done for feasibility and accuracy of the planned larger study. Sample population of the pilot study is similar to that of the larger one.

29
Q

Double-blind Experiment

A

Neither the subjects nor the researchers know who the control group and who the experimental groups are. Gold standard for experimental research.

30
Q

Control group

A

Group of subjects in an experimental study that is comparable to the experimental group but does not receive the experimental intervention or is given alternative treatment. Provides baseline to measure the effects of the treatment. Purpose: decrease threats to external validity and increase confidence that the findings can be generalized to other populations. Helps decrease researcher bias and Hawthorne Effect

31
Q

Sampling

A

Process that selects representative units of a population for a study.

32
Q

Eligibility Criteria

A

Descriptors of the population which provides a basis for selection of the sample. Include age, gender, socioeconomic status, education, religion, ethnicity

33
Q

Target population

A

Entire set of cases whom the researcher would like to generalize

34
Q

Random Sampling

A

Ensures the sample is representative of the population from which it was chosen and is representative of the population from which it was chosen. Allows for generalizability of the findings

35
Q

Simple Random Sampling

A

Random numbers used to select subjects from the total population

36
Q

Stratified Random Sample

A

Subgroups are selected from the population based on certain characteristics, and representative sample from each subgroup is randomly chosen

37
Q

Cluster Random Sample

A

Entire groups are randomly selected in stages, subjects randomly selected only from those groups or clusters

38
Q

Systematic Random Sample

A

Predetermined sampling intervals are used to select subjects from the population

39
Q

Mean

A

Average value of data set

40
Q

Median

A

Midpoint of a data set

41
Q

Mode

A

Most frequent value of data set

42
Q

Nominal

A

Lowest or least rigorous measurement (gender, blood type)

43
Q

Ordinal

A

Rank ordering (pain scale)

44
Q

Interval

A

Consistent distance between ranks (thermometer reading)

45
Q

Ratio

A

True or natural zero point (volume, speed)

46
Q

Correlations

A

Focus on the relationship between variables

47
Q

0 Correlation

A

Absence of a relationship

48
Q

+1 Correlation

A

Perfect positive correlation

49
Q

-1 Correlation

A

Perfect negative relationship (inverse)

50
Q

Inferential Statistics

A

Uses data from samples to make inference about a population

51
Q

T-test

A

Examines differences between means of 2 groups of values

52
Q

ANOVA

A

Analysis of variance, compares the differences between 2 or more groups or set of values

53
Q

Chi-square test

A

Compares sets of frequency or percentage of data

54
Q

Level of Significance

A

Statistical measure of the probability of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true. Most common is 0.05 and 0.01, 0.01 and 0.001 are used when the decision to be made has important consequences. Sample size has significant effect on level of significance.

55
Q

Interrater Reliability

A

When 2 or more independent raters use the same tool and are in agreement regarding their ratings

56
Q

Quantitative Validity: Internal Validity

A

Degree to which change can be attributed to the cause not the extraneous variables

57
Q

Quantitative Validity: External Validity

A

Generalizability of the findings of an experimental study to other people and settings

58
Q

Qualitative Research

A

Focused on discovering and interpreting subjective meaning of an experience to an individual group. Participants, not subjects, are handpicked for their perceived representation of the population of interest

59
Q

Phenomenological Quantitative Research

A

Describes experineces or phenomena from the point of view of the individuals involved, “lived experiences”

60
Q

Ethnographic Qualitative Research

A

Focuses on understanding of the culture of a group of people. Researcher becomes active in the culture

61
Q

Bracketing

A

Method used to control for researcher bias to help ensure clear and accurate observations. Researchers reflect on personal thoughts, feelings and set them aside

62
Q

Trustworthiness

A

Measure of truth and rigor. Credibility, dependability, confirmability, transferability

63
Q

Data Saturation

A

Point in qualitative studies when there are no new ideas noted in the data analysis and saturation of themes/categories has occurred

64
Q

Field Notes

A

Reflective notes documented by the researcher, on strategies and methodologies used, analysis of observations, personal feelings

65
Q

Focus Group

A

Small group of 6-12 people for their similarities to discuss thoughts, feelings. They are observed for verbal and nonverbal behaviors

66
Q

Report

A

Written in an informal style. Direct quotes used, adds credibility and trustworthiness. Themes identified.

67
Q

Interview

A

More personal than questionnaires, can be structured, unstructured, or semi-structured. Pros: higher response rate than questionnaire, increased depth of info. Cons: cost, lack of anonymity, possible interview bias

NURS 320: Evidence-Based Learning (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions