Kaplan Flashcards
[…] inhibits peroxidase and catalyzing oxidation of iodide to iodine.
Propylthiouracil (PTU) inhibits peroxidase and catalyzing oxidation of iodide to iodine.
Major side effect of PTU is […].
Major side effect of PTU is agranulocytosis.
Resitance in strep pneumo infections occurs through […].
Resitance in strep pneumo infections occurs through transformation.
[…]= RR x (VT-VD)
VA= RR x (VT-VD)
VA= […] x (VT-VD)
VA= RR x (VT-VD)
VA= RR x ([…]-VD)
VA= RR x (VT-VD)
VA= RR x (VT-[…])
VA= RR x (VT-VD)
Paget disease is thought to result from […] infection in osteoclasts.
Paget disease is thought to result from paramyxovirus infection in osteoclasts.
[…] is thought to result from paramyxovirus infection in osteoclasts.
Paget disease is thought to result from paramyxovirus infection in osteoclasts.
[…] increases in skeletal muscle within an hour after exercise.
VEGF increases in skeletal muscle within an hour after exercise.
Botox cleaves […], preventing ACh release.
Botox cleaves SNARE, preventing ACh release.
Botox cleaves SNARE, […] ACh release.
Botox cleaves SNARE, preventing ACh release.
Pharyngeal arch 3 becomes the […] artery.
Pharyngeal arch 3 becomes the carotid artery.
Pharyngeal arch […] becomes the carotid artery.
Pharyngeal arch 3 becomes the carotid artery.
Pharyngeal arch 4 becomes the […] artery.
Pharyngeal arch 4 becomes the subclavian artery.
Pharyngeal arch […] becomes the subclavian artery.
Pharyngeal arch 4 becomes the subclavian artery.
Obligate intracellular microorganisms have lost the ability to make […].
Obligate intracellular microorganisms have lost the ability to make ATP.
[…] microorganisms have lost the ability to make ATP.
Obligate intracellular microorganisms have lost the ability to make ATP.
Defective signaling from the IL-7 receptor results in decreased […] and SCID.
Defective signaling from the IL-7 receptor results in decreased T-cells and SCID.
Defective signaling from the […] receptor results in decreased T-cells and SCID.
Defective signaling from the IL-7 receptor results in decreased T-cells and SCID.
Actinic keratosis = skin; actinic […] = mucosa
Actinic keratosis = skin; actinic chelitis = mucosa
Actinic keratosis = skin; actinic chelitis = […]
Actinic keratosis = skin; actinic chelitis = mucosa
Acetazolamide is contraindicated in […].
Acetazolamide is contraindicated in closed-angle glaucoma.
[…] is contraindicated in closed-angle glaucoma.
Acetazolamide is contraindicated in closed-angle glaucoma.
First line Tx for klebsiella pneumonia is […]
First line Tx for klebsiella pneumonia is 3rd gen cephalosporin
1/4 of cri-du-chat patients have this heart defect: […]
1/4 of cri-du-chat patients have this heart defect: VSD
Chylomicrons are produced by […].
Chylomicrons are produced by enterocytes.
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies are found in […].
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies are found in type I diabetes mellitus.
[…] transduction is an error of lytic virus life cycle.
Generalized transduction is an error of lytic virus life cycle.
Generalized transduction is an error of […] virus life cycle.
Generalized transduction is an error of lytic virus life cycle.
[…] transduction is an error of temperate virus life cycle.
Specialized transduction is an error of temperate virus life cycle.
Specialized transduction is an error of […] virus life cycle.
Specialized transduction is an error of temperate virus life cycle.
When glioblastoma multiforme occurs in children, it is often in the […].
When glioblastoma multiforme occurs in children, it is often in the brainstem.
[…] contain major basic protein in crystalline core.
Eosinophils contain major basic protein in crystalline core.
Positive allosteric modulators, or […], suppress PTH.
Positive allosteric modulators, or calcimimetics, suppress PTH.E.g. cinacalcet
Positive allosteric modulators, or calcimimetics, suppress […].
Positive allosteric modulators, or calcimimetics, suppress PTH.E.g. cinacalcet
Negative-sense RNA viruses must carry an […].
Negative-sense RNA viruses must carry an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
[…] RNA viruses must carry an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Negative-sense RNA viruses must carry an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Electron microscopy of small cell carcinoma of the lung will show […] vesicles.
Electron microscopy of small cell carcinoma of the lung will show neurosecretory vesicles.
Mid-humeral fracture tends to result in […] nerve damage.
Mid-humeral fracture tends to result in radial nerve damage.
Serum AA is produced in the […].
Serum AA is produced in the liver.
Translocation in Ewing’s sarcoma: […]
Translocation in Ewing’s sarcoma: t(11;22)
Translocation in […]: t(11;22)
Translocation in Ewing’s sarcoma: t(11;22)
Oral glucose […] GIP and insulin.
Oral glucose increases GIP and insulin.
Somatostatin acts on the anterior pituitary, blocking release of […].
Somatostatin acts on the anterior pituitary, blocking release of GH and TSH.
Somatostatin acts on the […] pituitary, blocking release of GH and TSH.
Somatostatin acts on the anterior pituitary, blocking release of GH and TSH.
Amino acid increased in homocysteinuria: […]
Amino acid increased in homocysteinuria: methionine
The cerebral acquaduct is located in the […].
The cerebral acquaduct is located in the midbrain.
Major electrolyte side effect of succinylcholine: […]
Major electrolyte side effect of succinylcholine: hyperkalemiaFrom prolonged muscle depolarization
Apolipoprotein […] activates LPL.
Apolipoprotein C-II activates LPL.
Apolipoprotein C-II activates […].
Apolipoprotein C-II activates LPL.
Chondrocalcinosis = […]
Chondrocalcinosis = pseudogoutPrecipitation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
[…] = nuclear enlargement, perinuclear vacuolization
Koliocytic atypia = nuclear enlargement, perinuclear vacuolization
Toxoplasma’s active form are […].
Toxoplasma’s active form are crescent-shaped tachyzoites.
Nicotinic acid = niacin = vitamin […]
Nicotinic acid = niacin = vitamin B3
Nicotinic acid = […] = vitamin B3
Nicotinic acid = niacin = vitamin B3
[…] = niacin = vitamin B3
Nicotinic acid = niacin = vitamin B3
[…] disease = proteinuria + nodular PAS+ deposites of mesangial matrix (hyaline) + thickened BM
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease = proteinuria + nodular PAS+ deposites of mesangial matrix (hyaline) + thickened BM
The […] artery is in danger of rupture when there is an ulcer on the distal portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach.
The right gastric artery is in danger of rupture when there is an ulcer on the distal portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach.
An […] would result in increased MSFP and CO – would show a right-shifted and upward-rotated venous return curve.
An AV fistula would result in increased MSFP and CO – would show a right-shifted and upward-rotated venous return curve.
The […] nerve innervates the fingernails of the index and middle fingers.
The median nerve innervates the fingernails of the index and middle fingers.
HbA is located on chromosome […].
HbA is located on chromosome 16.Patient with cis deletion and trait has a 50% chance of a child with trait when partner is normal.
In syringomyelia, there is damage to crossing fibers of the spinothalamic tract, resulting in loss of […] in a cape-like distribution.
In syringomyelia, there is damage to crossing fibers of the spinothalamic tract, resulting in loss of pain and temperature sensation in a cape-like distribution.
In […], there is damage to crossing fibers of the spinothalamic tract, resulting in loss of pain and temperature sensation in a cape-like distribution.
In syringomyelia, there is damage to crossing fibers of the spinothalamic tract, resulting in loss of pain and temperature sensation in a cape-like distribution.
In syringomyelia, there is damage to crossing fibers of the […] tract, resulting in loss of pain and temperature sensation in a cape-like distribution.
In syringomyelia, there is damage to crossing fibers of the spinothalamic tract, resulting in loss of pain and temperature sensation in a cape-like distribution.
Tay-Sachs enzyme = […]
Tay-Sachs enzyme = hexosaminidase A
[…] enzyme = hexosaminidase A
Tay-Sachs enzyme = hexosaminidase A
Metachromatic leukodystrophy enzyme = […]
Metachromatic leukodystrophy enzyme = arylsulfatase A
[…] enzyme = arylsulfatase A
Metachromatic leukodystrophy enzyme = arylsulfatase A
Fabry’s enzyme = […]
Fabry’s enzyme = alpha-galactosidase A
[…] enzyme = alpha-galactosidase A
Fabry’s enzyme = alpha-galactosidase A
[…] enzyme = glucocerebrocidase
Gaucher’s enzyme = glucocerebrocidase
Gaucher’s enzyme = […]
Gaucher’s enzyme = glucocerebrocidase
Neiman-Pick enzyme = […]
Neiman-Pick enzyme = sphingomyelinase
[…] enzyme = sphingomyelinase
Neiman-Pick enzyme = sphingomyelinase
A hexose monophosphate shunt enzyme deficit leads to […] deficiency.
A hexose monophosphate shunt enzyme deficit leads to G6PD deficiency.
Phototherapy degrades […].
Phototherapy degrades riboflavin.B2
Two tetracyclines whose extretion does not depend on good renal function: […]
Two tetracyclines whose extretion does not depend on good renal function: doxycycline and minocycline
Failure of the […] to develop in utero leads to Potter sequence.
Failure of the ureteric buds to develop in utero leads to Potter sequence.(the pronephros degenerates)
Primary CNS lymphoma is not uncommon in […] patients and is associated with EBV infection.
Primary CNS lymphoma is not uncommon in AIDS patients and is associated with EBV infection.It can be an intermediate to high-grade B-cell lymphoma.
Primary CNS lymphoma is not uncommon in AIDS patients and is associated with […] infection.
Primary CNS lymphoma is not uncommon in AIDS patients and is associated with EBV infection.It can be an intermediate to high-grade B-cell lymphoma.
Oocytes arrest in […] stage of meiosis I.
Oocytes arrest in diplotene stage of meiosis I.Diplotene is part of prophase
In priapism, first treatment is an injection of […].
In priapism, first treatment is an injection of alpha-adrenergic agonist.If that doesn’t work, emergent surgery.
Atherosclerosis of the carotid vessels and transient painless vision loss describe […].
Atherosclerosis of the carotid vessels and transient painless vision loss describe amaurosis fugax.
Female athlete triad (chronic dieting + low weight + primary amenorrhea) leads to suppression of […].
Female athlete triad (chronic dieting + low weight + primary amenorrhea) leads to suppression of pulsatile GnRH.
Aortic dissection usually progresses […].
Aortic dissection usually progresses distally.Can lead to bilateral renal infarction
Dactylitis (“sausage digit”) is a diffuse swelling of a solitary finger or toe – a distinctive feature of […].
Dactylitis (“sausage digit”) is a diffuse swelling of a solitary finger or toe – a distinctive feature of reactive arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.
[…] is a diffuse swelling of a solitary finger or toe – a distinctive feature of reactive arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.
Dactylitis (“sausage digit”) is a diffuse swelling of a solitary finger or toe – a distinctive feature of reactive arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.
[…] is an alpha-1 and alpha-2 antagonist.
Phentolamine is an alpha-1 and alpha-2 antagonist.
Phentolamine is an […].
Phentolamine is an alpha-1 and alpha-2 antagonist.
Each liter of plasma contains about […] mEq of sodium.
Each liter of plasma contains about 140 mEq of sodium.
The C in CREST is […].
The C in CREST is calcinosis.Also anti-centromere Abs
The R in CREST is […].
The R in CREST is Raynaud’s phenomenon.
The E in CREST is […].
The E in CREST is esophageal motility syndrome.
The S in CREST is […].
The S in CREST is sclerodactyly.
The T in CREST is […].
The T in CREST is telangiectasia.
[…] activation occurs through renal nerves to increase renin secretion.
Sympathetic nervous system activation occurs through renal nerves to increase renin secretion.
Low hematocrit leads to […] venous return.
Low hematocrit leads to increased venous return.
Lysosomal alpha1,4-glucosidase = […]
Lysosomal alpha1,4-glucosidase = acid maltasePompe’s disease
Von Gierke’s enzyme = […]
Von Gierke’s enzyme = glucose-6-phosphatase
Wasting of the thenar eminence is associated with lesions of the […] nerve.
Wasting of the thenar eminence is associated with lesions of the median nerve.
[…] nerve leasions can cause wasting of the hypothenar eminence and dorsal interosseous muscles.
Ulnar nerve leasions can cause wasting of the hypothenar eminence and dorsal interosseous muscles.
Necrotizing entercolitis is more common in infants who are […].
Necrotizing entercolitis is more common in infants who are formula-fed.Also premature and low birth weight
Inhaled corticosteroids are associated with the development of […] in asthmatic patients.
Inhaled corticosteroids are associated with the development of candidiasis in asthmatic patients.
[…] are associated with the development of candidiasis in asthmatic patients.
Inhaled corticosteroids are associated with the development of candidiasis in asthmatic patients.
More than 95% of coarctations occur just distal to the […] artery.
More than 95% of coarctations occur just distal to the left subclavian artery.
Cardiac output = […] / (arterial O2 content - venous O2 content)
Cardiac output = O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous O2 content)Fick principle
[…] = O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous O2 content)
Cardiac output = O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous O2 content)Fick principle
Cardiac output = O2 consumption / ([…])
Cardiac output = O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous O2 content)Fick principle
Anorectal manometry (on an infant) = […]
Anorectal manometry (on an infant) = Hirschprung’s
Optic nerve from […]encephalon
Optic nerve from diencephalon
LPL is in […] cells.
LPL is in endothelial cells.
Prochlorperazine is a phenothiazine antiemitic that acts by blocking […].
Prochlorperazine is a phenothiazine antiemitic that acts by blocking dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone.Side effects: tarditive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, blood dyscrasias, and lupus erythematous
Prochlorperazine is a […] that acts by blocking dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
Prochlorperazine is a phenothiazine antiemitic that acts by blocking dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone.Side effects: tarditive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, blood dyscrasias, and lupus erythematous
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head = […] artery compromise
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head = medial circumflex femoral artery compromise
Avascular necrosis of the […] = medial circumflex femoral artery compromise
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head = medial circumflex femoral artery compromise
The ischial spine is the boundary between the […] foramina.
The ischial spine is the boundary between the greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
The […] is the boundary between the greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
The ischial spine is the boundary between the greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
Verapamil has […] inotropic effects.
Verapamil has negative inotropic effects.
Fasting hypoglycemia and hypoketosis indicate a block in […].
Fasting hypoglycemia and hypoketosis indicate a block in fatty acid oxidation.Long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) deficiency can cause this.
Fasting hypoglycemia and […] indicate a block in fatty acid oxidation.
Fasting hypoglycemia and hypoketosis indicate a block in fatty acid oxidation.Long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) deficiency can cause this.
Biogenic amines = […]
Biogenic amines = norepinephrine and serotoninTCAs inhibit reuptake at presynaptic neuron
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma = […]
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma = tuberous sclerosis+ shagreen patches, ash-leaf spots, cardiac rhabdomyomas, renal angiomyolipomas
Fibrates increase the […] of bile.
Fibrates increase the cholesterol content of bile.
[…] is a cell adhesion marker that is deficient in leukocyte adhesion deficiency.
CD18 is a cell adhesion marker that is deficient in leukocyte adhesion deficiency.Present with omphalitis
CD18 is a cell adhesion marker that is deficient in […].
CD18 is a cell adhesion marker that is deficient in leukocyte adhesion deficiency.Present with omphalitis
Spinal infection can spread along the […] sheath.
Spinal infection can spread along the psoas major sheath.”Psoas abcess” - most common pathogen is staph aureus
Docusate sodium is a […].
Docusate sodium is a stool softener.Anionic surfactant
Primidone is an anticonvulsant and a potent CYP450 […].
Primidone is an anticonvulsant and a potent CYP450 inducer.Metabolites: phenobarbital and PEMA
Fibromuscular dysplasia is a common cause of […] stenosis.
Fibromuscular dysplasia is a common cause of renovascular stenosis.Especially in middle-aged women
The most common cause of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is […].
The most common cause of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is small cell carcinoma.Less common causes ae epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors include allopurinol and […].
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors include allopurinol and febuxostat.
[…] kidney stones can occur in patients with leukemia (secondary to increased purine breakdown during periods of active cell proliferation).
Uric acid kidney stones can occur in patients with leukemia (secondary to increased purine breakdown during periods of active cell proliferation).
Uric acid kidney stones can occur in patients with leukemia (secondary to increased […] during periods of active cell proliferation).
Uric acid kidney stones can occur in patients with leukemia (secondary to increased purine breakdown during periods of active cell proliferation).
Stress ulcers are commonly a result of an increase in […] production.
Stress ulcers are commonly a result of an increase in pepsin production.Alternatively, pepsin and gastric acid production may remain unchanged and still result in gastric ulcers if gastric defenses are weakened by stress.
The occurence of […] is the most serious complication of Sjogren syndrome.
The occurence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most serious complication of Sjogren syndrome.Approximately 5% of patients with Sjogrens will develop a marginal zone lymphoma.
[…] is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands within the myometrium of the uterus.
Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands within the myometrium of the uterus.
Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of […] within the myometrium of the uterus.
Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands within the myometrium of the uterus.
Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands within the […] of the uterus.
Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands within the myometrium of the uterus.
[…] = canker sores
Aphthous ulcers = canker soresFrequently associated with SLE and Crohn’s
The classic cause of chronic meningitis is […].
The classic cause of chronic meningitis is tuberculosis.Other causese include syphilis, brucellosis, and chronic fungal infections.
[…] is the most common source of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Ovarian carcinoma is the most common source of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
[…] cells in the germinal centers of lymph nodes are important reservoirs of HIV.
Follicular dendritic cells in the germinal centers of lymph nodes are important reservoirs of HIV.Asymptomatic phase
Acute mastitis is frequently complicated by […] formation.
Acute mastitis is frequently complicated by breast abscess formation.Typically develops post-partum as a result of breastfeeding
[…] is frequently complicated by breast abscess formation.
Acute mastitis is frequently complicated by breast abscess formation.Typically develops post-partum as a result of breastfeeding
[…] may be a trigger for the release of vasoactive substances in carcinoid syndrome.
Alcohol may be a trigger for the release of vasoactive substances in carcinoid syndrome.
IL-1 is a product of […].
IL-1 is a product of macrophages.
IL-4 is a product of […].
IL-4 is a product of TH2 lymphocytes.
IL-6 is a product of […].
IL-6 is a product of activated macrophages and TH2 lymphocytes.
TNF-alpha is a product of […].
TNF-alpha is a product of activated macrophages.
IFN-gamma is a product of […].
IFN-gamma is a product of TH1 lymphocytes.
Failure of the conotruncal ridges to form the aorticopulmonary septum leads to […].
Failure of the conotruncal ridges to form the aorticopulmonary septum leads to persistent truncus arteriosus.Will also have VSD
Protein-losing gastroenteropathy = […]
Protein-losing gastroenteropathy = Menetrier’s diseaseIncreased mucus production leads to protein losses from excessive gastric secretions – may cause hypoalbuminemia
Ergotamine is contraindicated in patients with […].
Ergotamine is contraindicated in patients with Prinzmetal angina.Other toxic effects: cyanosis, absence of peripheral pulse, cold extremities, potentially gangrene
A serious side effect of halothane is […].
A serious side effect of halothane is hepatitis.With focal to massive hepatic necrosis – this is why halothane is no longer commonly used in the USA.
[…] deficiency is the most common of the urea cyle disorders.
Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is the most common of the urea cyle disorders.X-linked (mostly recessive) – ammonia accumulates in the blood, can cause coma, brain damage, death
[…] deficiency may result in a megaloblastic anemia that is unresponsive to B12 and folate supplementation.
UMP synthase deficiency may result in a megaloblastic anemia that is unresponsive to B12 and folate supplementation.+hypochromic, macrocytic circulating erythrocytes
Orotic aciduria resulting from UMP synthase deficiency can be differentially diagnosed from that resulting from OTC deficiency by the fact that the latter is not associated with […].
Orotic aciduria resulting from UMP synthase deficiency can be differentially diagnosed from that resulting from OTC deficiency by the fact that the latter is not associated with megaloblastic anemia.
Deficiencies in […] result in the most severe levels of hyperammonemia associated with any defect in the urea cycle.
Deficiencies in carbamoylphosphate synthetase I result in the most severe levels of hyperammonemia associated with any defect in the urea cycle.Classic symptoms appear 24-48 hrs after birth (but not prior to 24 hrs) and include convulsions, hyperventilation, ataxia, hypothermia, lethargy, vomiting, and poor feeding. NO orotic aciduria.
Erythema nodosum, or desert bumps, can be caused by (the microorganism) […].
Erythema nodosum, or desert bumps, can be caused by (the microorganism) coccidioides.
Neutrophils lacking […] fail to migrate into sites of inflammation.
Neutrophils lacking integrins fail to migrate into sites of inflammation.
LAD-1 results from mutations of the gene that encodes […].
LAD-1 results from mutations of the gene that encodes CD18.
[…] results from mutations of the gene that encodes CD18.
LAD-1 results from mutations of the gene that encodes CD18.
The diagnosis of […] is made by finding large inclusions in all nucleated blood cells.
The diagnosis of Chediak-Higashi is made by finding large inclusions in all nucleated blood cells.
The […] test has replaced the nitroblue tetrazolium test for diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.
The flow cytometric DHR fluorescence test has replaced the nitroblue tetrazolium test for diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.DHR = dihydrorhodamine 123
The splenic artery and vein are contained within the […] ligament.
The splenic artery and vein are contained within the splenorenal ligament.This ligament also contains the tail of the pancreas, which is the only part of the pancreas that is peritoneal.
The right and left gastro-omental arteries are contained within the […] ligament.
The right and left gastro-omental arteries are contained within the gastrocolic ligament.
The short gastric arteries are contained within the […] ligament.
The short gastric arteries are contained within the gastrosplenic ligament.
[…] and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are the predominant response to viral agents.
Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are the predominant response to viral agents.
The […] is predominantly TH cell/macrophage mediated.
The superantigen response is predominantly TH cell/macrophage mediated.
Increased […] dilates the coronary blood vessels when oxygen consumption in the heart increases.
Increased adenosine dilates the coronary blood vessels when oxygen consumption in the heart increases.
In type IV hypersensitivity, […] attract macrophages to the area.
In type IV hypersensitivity, CD4 TH1 lymphocytes attract macrophages to the area.
In type IV hypersensitivity, CD4 TH1 lymphocytes attract […] to the area.
In type IV hypersensitivity, CD4 TH1 lymphocytes attract macrophages to the area.
[…] is the only diuretic that acts upstream of the macula densa.
Acetazolamide is the only diuretic that acts upstream of the macula densa.Increases delivery of NaCl to macula densa
Sulfonylureas are contraindicated for patients with significant […] dysfunction.
Sulfonylureas are contraindicated for patients with significant hepatic dysfunction.
The […] forms the posterior wall of the heart.
The left atrium forms the posterior wall of the heart.Enlargement may compress esophagus -> dysphagia
Deficiencies of laminin (A/C) cause X-linked […].
Deficiencies of laminin (A/C) cause X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD).Deficiencies of emerin cause the autosomal dominant form of EDMD.
Floor of 4th ventricle contains area postrema; floor of 3rd ventricle contains […].
Floor of 4th ventricle contains area postrema; floor of 3rd ventricle contains hypothalamus.
Floor of 4th ventricle contains […]; floor of 3rd ventricle contains hypothalamus.
Floor of 4th ventricle contains area postrema; floor of 3rd ventricle contains hypothalamus.
Cyproheptadine is a […] antagonist.
Cyproheptadine is a 5-HT2 antagonist.Serotonin syndrome
Treat chlamydia with doxycycline OR […].
Treat chlamydia with doxycycline OR azithromycin.
Antibiotic regimen for acute cholecystitis = […] + metronidazole
Antibiotic regimen for acute cholecystitis = 3rd gen ceph + metronidazoleInfection usually caused by anaerobic gram-neg or selec gram-pos
Antibiotic regimen for acute cholecystitis = 3rd gen ceph + […]
Antibiotic regimen for acute cholecystitis = 3rd gen ceph + metronidazoleInfection usually caused by anaerobic gram-neg or selec gram-pos
In chronic HTN, the total number of […] is decreased.
In chronic HTN, the total number of arterioles is decreased.Lower numerical density and total luminal cross-sectional area
[…] are mobile segments of DNA that have played a major role in explosive spread of drug resistances in bacteria.
Transposons are mobile segments of DNA that have played a major role in explosive spread of drug resistances in bacteria.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Erlotinib) is used to treat […] carcinoma.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Erlotinib) is used to treat non-small cell carcinoma.
[…] inhibits 5alpha-reductase.
Finasteride inhibits 5alpha-reductase.Treats symptomatic BPH and male pattern baldness
Atenolol can cause varying degrees of […].
Atenolol can cause varying degrees of AV block.
17-alpha-hydroxylase is not present in the zona […].
17-alpha-hydroxylase is not present in the zona glomerulosa.Allows it to be the zone that produces aldosterone
In aortic coarctation, flow distal to the coarctation is maintained by collateral flow from the […] arteries.
In aortic coarctation, flow distal to the coarctation is maintained by collateral flow from the internal thoracic (mammary) arteries.Branches of the subclavian arteries – the internal thoracic aa give off anterior intercostal aa, which anastamose with posterior intercostal aa that branch from the descending aorta.
“Drop” seizure = […] seizure
“Drop” seizure = atonic seizure
Anti-Scl-70 = Antibodies to […]
Anti-Scl-70 = Antibodies to DNA topoisomerase IDiffuse scleroderma
In the liver, glucocorticoids act to […] glycogen synthesis.
In the liver, glucocorticoids act to increase glycogen synthesis.
SGLT are found in the musoca of the small intestine and the […] of the nephron.
SGLT are found in the musoca of the small intestine and the PCT of the nephron.
Herpesvirus, poliovirus, rabies virus, and tetanus toxin are examples of exogenous substances that affect neuron cell bodies as a result of […] axonal transport.
Herpesvirus, poliovirus, rabies virus, and tetanus toxin are examples of exogenous substances that affect neuron cell bodies as a result of retrograde axonal transport.
The erythrocyte stage of malaria is cleared by […] cells.
The erythrocyte stage of malaria is cleared by NK cells.No MHC on RBCs
The neoplastic cells of seminoma are characteristically immunoreactive with […].
The neoplastic cells of seminoma are characteristically immunoreactive with placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP).
[…] testicular tumors originate from Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts.
Non-germ cell testicular tumors originate from Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts.Germ cell tumors represent 95% of all testicular neoplasms.
The most important chemotactic factors for neutrophils are […].
The most important chemotactic factors for neutrophils are C5a and IL-8.
Fluoroquinolones are generally ineffective in the treatment of […] infections.
Fluoroquinolones are generally ineffective in the treatment of anaerobic infections.