Kap 8. Theories Of Employee Motivation Flashcards
What are the two need theories discussed in the chapter?
Need hierarchy and self-determination
How many categories does need hierarchy theory classify human needs into?
Five categories
What is a limitation of need hierarchy theory?
Predictions are imprecise and cannot identify specific behaviors
According to self-determination theory, what three basic needs must be satisfied to enhance motivation?
- Autonomy
- Competence
- Relatedness
What does expectancy theory explain?
How rewards lead to behavior
What three beliefs must people have for expectancy theory to hold true?
- Efforts will lead to successful performance
- Successful performance will lead to rewards
- They want the rewards
What is self-efficacy theory?
People’s beliefs about their own capabilities are an important component of motivation
What impact does a high level of self-efficacy have on work motivation?
It is a necessary component for work motivation and subsequent job performance
What do justice theories state about employee treatment?
People value fair and equitable treatment by their organizations
What does equity theory focus on?
Comparison of outcomes to inputs at work
What actions might people take if they perceive discrepancies in equity ratios?
- Change level of contribution
- Change rewards obtained
- Quit
What two types of justice are emphasized in modern justice theories?
- Distributive justice
- Procedural justice
What does goal-setting theory propose?
People’s behaviors are directed by conscious goals and objectives
What are the four important factors in goal-setting theory that determine job performance?
- Goal specificity
- Commitment by employees
- Feedback about progress
- Goal difficulty
What does control theory focus on in relation to goal-setting?
Feedback toward goal attainment
Control theory suggests that individuals set goals and seek information regarding their progress.
How does control theory motivate individuals when there are discrepancies in goal progress?
Reassess and modify their goals or change their behaviors
Discrepancies between expected and actual progress serve as a motivator.
What is the initial step in action theory?
Desire to achieve something
This desire is translated into a specific goal.
What are the main components of the action theory process?
Desire, goal, plans, actions, feedback
The process connects goals to behaviors through a sequence of actions.
What happens following the execution of plans in action theory?
Feedback occurs in response to actions
This feedback can lead to modifications of prior steps.
True or False: The various motivation theories discussed are incompatible.
False
Elements of different theories have been integrated, showing consistencies.
Who discussed the consistencies between expectancy theory, self-efficacy theory, and goal-setting theory?
Locke and Latham (1990)
They highlighted the importance of self-efficacy in goal commitment.
What role does self-efficacy play in goal commitment according to Locke and Latham?
Important ingredient
Low self-efficacy can hinder commitment to goals.
Fill in the blank: Control theory extends _______ by focusing on feedback toward goal attainment.
[goal-setting theory]
What motivates individuals to modify their goals or behaviors according to control theory?
Discrepancies between expected and actual goal progress
Such discrepancies highlight areas needing improvement.
