Kap 3 - Oxygen and respiration

Question 1

Where does the body gets its energy from?

Answer 1

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fat.
3. Protein

Question 2

What is the function of alveoli?

Answer 2

Its function is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules to and from the bloodstream.
Placed in the lungs.

Question 3

Tidal volume ?

Answer 3

Is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath. Amount = 500ML.

Question 4

Inspiratory reserve volume ?

Answer 4

is the exra volume of air that can be inhaled over and beyond the normal tidal volume. Amount = 3Litre(3000ML.)

Question 5

Expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 5

is the amount of air that can be still exhaled by forcefull expiration after the end of the normal tidal expiration. 1.1Liter (1100ML.)

Question 6

Residual volume ?

Answer 6

is the volume of air remaining in the lungs even after the most forceful expiration. Amounts: 1.2Liter(1200Ml.)

Question 7

Pulmonary volumes and capcities is lower for females. But how mutch lower?

Answer 7

20-25%.

Question 8

What is a capillary ?

Answer 8

A capillary is a small blood vessel from 5 to 10 micrometres.

Question 9

Daltons law states that?

Answer 9

The total pressure of the gas muxture is equal to the sum of its partial pressure.

Question 10

When should pilots use air supple?

Answer 10

Cabin heights above 10.000 ft.

Question 11

Alveolar air minimum? (Expressed in mm hg.)

Answer 11

55 mm Hg is considered the minumum for normal operations.

Question 12

Oxygen requirements at: Up to 10.000 ft

Answer 12

Air only

Question 13

Oxygen requirements at : 10.000-33.700 ft.

Answer 13

Oxygen/air mixture

Question 14

Oxygen requirements at: 33.700-40.000 ft.

Answer 14

100% Oxygen

Question 15

Oxygen requirements at: above 40.000 ft.

Answer 15

100% Oxygen under pressure

Question 16

Hypoxic hypoxia is?

Answer 16

Shortage of oxygen.

Mayb develop slowly at lower levels or very rapidly athigh altitudes

Question 17

Hypoxic hypoxia symptoms?

Answer 17

• Apparent personality change
• Impaired judgement
• Headache
• Tingling
• Hypervntilation
• Muscular impairment
• Tunnel vision
• Death

Question 18

Name the 4 stages of Hypoxia?

Answer 18

• The indifference stage Surface – 10.000 ft.
• The compesnatory stage 10.000-15.000 ft.
• The disturbance stage 15.000-20.000 ft.
• The critical stage 20.000-23.000 ft.

Question 19

How high can a healthy person fly without the need of air supply?

Answer 19

10.000-12.000 ft.

Question 20

Percent of oxygen in alveoli?

Percent of carbon dixide in the alveoli?

Answer 20

Aleoli at Sea level:
14% oxygen
5.3% Carbon dixide.
(I alveolar er der kun plads til 14% oxygen, selvom der er 21% i luften, dette skyldes at der er vand og andre gasser i lungerne. )

Question 21

Anaemic Hypoxia is?

Answer 21

Lack of heamoglobin. Inability of the blood to carry oxygen.

Can be caused by carbon monoxide poisoning.

Question 22

Heavy smokes produce how mutch extra carboxyheamoglobin?

Answer 22

8-10% more carboxyheamoglobin

Question 23

Treatment of hypoxia?

Mainly 2 types:

Answer 23

Provide oxygen

Descend to a level where oxygen is sufficient

Question 24

Time of Useful consciousness(seated)?

20. 000 ft:
21. 000 ft:
22. 000 ft:
23. 000 ft:

Answer 24

20. 000 ft: 30 min.
21. 000 ft: 1-2 min.
22. 000 ft: 30-90 sec.
23. 000 ft: 15-20 sec.

Question 25

Composition of the atmosphere ?

Answer 25

21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 0.93% argon, other gasses

Remains constant to about 70.000 ft.

Question 26

Hypoxia can be effected/streaghten by:

Answer 26

Altitude, time, exercise, extremes of temperature, alcohol and drugs

Question 27

Cabin pressure is usally set to:

Answer 27

6000 ft. Max 8000 ft.

Question 28

Do not fly within XX hours of swimming using compressed air?

Answer 28

12 hours

Question 29

Do not fly within XX hours of swimming with snorkel?

Answer 29

0 hours. Snorkeling does not affect flight guys.

Question 30

Avoid flying for XX hours if a depth of 30 feet has been exceeded?

Answer 30

24 hours