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kaplan > kap > Flashcards

kap Flashcards

1
Q

The glomeruli and renal tubules play an important part in which of the following bodily functions?

A

Filtering blood

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2
Q

Which of the following is filtered in the glomerular capillaries?

A

Large amounts of water, some urea, and small molecules

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3
Q

What cannot be filtered out of the glomerular capillaries?

A

Large molecules

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4
Q

Dialysis closely mimics the function of which organs?

A

The kidneys

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5
Q

Which of the following explains how the kidneys concentrate urea in the renal tubules?

A

By reabsorbing water from the renal tubules

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6
Q

The following is the most important organ involved in the detoxification of your body

A

liver

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7
Q

This stores the urine formed by the kidneys

A

the bladder

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8
Q

the following filter blood and form urine

A

nephrons

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9
Q

this is the structure that connects your kidneys to the bladder

A

ureter

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10
Q

How is the urine moved from the bladder to the urethra?

A

through the concentration of muscles layers in the bladder

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11
Q

When a male hits puberty, which of the following is responsible for telling the testes to release testosterone?

A

pituitary gland

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12
Q

What does the pancreas regulate?

A

How much sugar is absorbed by cells.

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13
Q

Name a symptom of a hyperactive thyroid

A

weight loss, difficulty sleeping

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14
Q

symptoms of hypothyroidism

A

weight gain, feeling slow

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15
Q

If chased by a lion, which of the following would release adrenaline?

A

Adrenal gland

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16
Q

How does the basement membrane differ from the subcutis?

A

The basement membrane is a thin sheet of tissue separating the epidermis from the dermis, while the subcutis is the deepest layer of the skin

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17
Q

The outer layer of the epidermis is made primarily of

A

dead skin cells

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18
Q

What would you not find in the stratum basal?

A

corneocytes

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19
Q

why are Merkel cells significant?

A

for the sensation of touch

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20
Q

keratinocytes are cells that

A

take up and store melanin

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21
Q

Which two hormones promote sperm cell production in males?

A

luteinizing and follicle-stimulation

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22
Q

killer t cells and b cells are stimulated to act by a protein that ——- release

A

helper t cells

23
Q

what is usually the first line of defense in the human body when a pathogen invades?

A

mucous covering

24
Q

A characteristic of all muscles is that they recoil after stretching, or known to be

A

elastic

25
Q

when do vesicles contract and move to the presynaptic membrane?

A

After calcium ions flood the axon bulb

26
Q

what is the function of surfactant in the lungs?

A

reduced the tension of the fluids in the alveoli and prevents it from collapsing

27
Q

what attaches bone to bone?

A

ligament

28
Q

what attaches muscle to bone?

A

tendon

29
Q

what process begins with red blood cells giving up oxygen to other cells in the body?

A

internal respiration

30
Q

Which of the following is associated with wound healing by primary intention?

A

wounds edged are closely re approximated and there is minimal scar tissue

31
Q

Types of macrophages

A

Kupfer cells and dust cells

32
Q

which of the following recognizes body cells with abnormal membranes, such as tumor cells and destroy them

A

natural killer cells

33
Q

increase blood flow causes the following

A

heat, redness, swelling and vasodilation

34
Q

True when you have a fever

A

A fever is a sign that your defense system is active. Stimulates phagocytes, increases metabolism, and decreases certain organism’s ability to multiply

35
Q

which enzyme is produced by the kidneys and activates angiotensin in order to increase blood pressure?

A

Renin

36
Q

which of the following parts of the nervous system is responsible for controlling respiration rate?

A

medulla oblongata

37
Q

which of the following is a structure that filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid?

A

lymph nodes

38
Q

which of the following hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?

A

thyroxine (t4), triodothyronine (t3), and calcitonin

39
Q

sympathetic systems are responsible for stimulating sweat glands, dilating pupils, increasing heart rate

A

decreasing muscle contraction in the digestive system and decreasing kidney activity

40
Q

which of the following imitates the heartbeat?

A

SA node (the heart pacemaker)

41
Q

Hyperventilating will cause what lab findings?

A

alkalosis

42
Q

what is stroke volume referring to?

A

the volume of blood ejected from the ventricles with each heartbeat

43
Q

the following hormones promote water reabsorption in the kidneys

A

aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

44
Q

which of the following is the site for sperm maturation in a male?

A

epididymis

45
Q

when leaving the left ventricle which of the following structures does the blood enter next?

A

aorta

46
Q

which of the following is the correct order of the meningeal layers of the brain from the inside out?

A

pia matter, arachnoid, dura matter

47
Q

which of the following is the iron-containing component in an RBC

A

hemoglobin

48
Q

The following is a muscle in the shape of a ring that regulates the size of an opening

A

sphincter

49
Q

What best explains how muscles cells exert force?

A

The muscle cell shortens or contracts and exerts a pulling force on whatever is attached to both ends.

50
Q

What problems can occur from positive fluid balance?

A

weight gain, edema, shortness of breath, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure

51
Q

a negative fluid balance can cause what problems?

A

dehydration, reduce cognitive functioning, headache, fatigue, dry skin, low blood pressure, low blood pressure, hypovolemic shock, and organ failure

52
Q

How does the pituitary gland work to maintain your body’s fluid?

A

It secrets an antidiuretic hormone if fluid is too low it releases this ADH or vasopressin, order to the kidneys to stop excreting urine

53
Q

how can a diuretic disrupt a person’s fluid and electrolyte balance?

A

they make a person urinate more frequently causing the kidneys to excrete higher than normal sodium

kaplan (2 decks)

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