kap Flashcards
The glomeruli and renal tubules play an important part in which of the following bodily functions?
Filtering blood
Which of the following is filtered in the glomerular capillaries?
Large amounts of water, some urea, and small molecules
What cannot be filtered out of the glomerular capillaries?
Large molecules
Dialysis closely mimics the function of which organs?
The kidneys
Which of the following explains how the kidneys concentrate urea in the renal tubules?
By reabsorbing water from the renal tubules
The following is the most important organ involved in the detoxification of your body
liver
This stores the urine formed by the kidneys
the bladder
the following filter blood and form urine
nephrons
this is the structure that connects your kidneys to the bladder
ureter
How is the urine moved from the bladder to the urethra?
through the concentration of muscles layers in the bladder
When a male hits puberty, which of the following is responsible for telling the testes to release testosterone?
pituitary gland
What does the pancreas regulate?
How much sugar is absorbed by cells.
Name a symptom of a hyperactive thyroid
weight loss, difficulty sleeping
symptoms of hypothyroidism
weight gain, feeling slow
If chased by a lion, which of the following would release adrenaline?
Adrenal gland
How does the basement membrane differ from the subcutis?
The basement membrane is a thin sheet of tissue separating the epidermis from the dermis, while the subcutis is the deepest layer of the skin
The outer layer of the epidermis is made primarily of
dead skin cells
What would you not find in the stratum basal?
corneocytes
why are Merkel cells significant?
for the sensation of touch
keratinocytes are cells that
take up and store melanin
Which two hormones promote sperm cell production in males?
luteinizing and follicle-stimulation
killer t cells and b cells are stimulated to act by a protein that ——- release
helper t cells
what is usually the first line of defense in the human body when a pathogen invades?
mucous covering
A characteristic of all muscles is that they recoil after stretching, or known to be
elastic
when do vesicles contract and move to the presynaptic membrane?
After calcium ions flood the axon bulb
what is the function of surfactant in the lungs?
reduced the tension of the fluids in the alveoli and prevents it from collapsing
what attaches bone to bone?
ligament
what attaches muscle to bone?
tendon
what process begins with red blood cells giving up oxygen to other cells in the body?
internal respiration
Which of the following is associated with wound healing by primary intention?
wounds edged are closely re approximated and there is minimal scar tissue
Types of macrophages
Kupfer cells and dust cells
which of the following recognizes body cells with abnormal membranes, such as tumor cells and destroy them
natural killer cells
increase blood flow causes the following
heat, redness, swelling and vasodilation
True when you have a fever
A fever is a sign that your defense system is active. Stimulates phagocytes, increases metabolism, and decreases certain organism’s ability to multiply
which enzyme is produced by the kidneys and activates angiotensin in order to increase blood pressure?
Renin
which of the following parts of the nervous system is responsible for controlling respiration rate?
medulla oblongata
which of the following is a structure that filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid?
lymph nodes
which of the following hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?
thyroxine (t4), triodothyronine (t3), and calcitonin
sympathetic systems are responsible for stimulating sweat glands, dilating pupils, increasing heart rate
decreasing muscle contraction in the digestive system and decreasing kidney activity
which of the following imitates the heartbeat?
SA node (the heart pacemaker)
Hyperventilating will cause what lab findings?
alkalosis
what is stroke volume referring to?
the volume of blood ejected from the ventricles with each heartbeat
the following hormones promote water reabsorption in the kidneys
aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
which of the following is the site for sperm maturation in a male?
epididymis
when leaving the left ventricle which of the following structures does the blood enter next?
aorta
which of the following is the correct order of the meningeal layers of the brain from the inside out?
pia matter, arachnoid, dura matter
which of the following is the iron-containing component in an RBC
hemoglobin
The following is a muscle in the shape of a ring that regulates the size of an opening
sphincter
What best explains how muscles cells exert force?
The muscle cell shortens or contracts and exerts a pulling force on whatever is attached to both ends.
What problems can occur from positive fluid balance?
weight gain, edema, shortness of breath, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure
a negative fluid balance can cause what problems?
dehydration, reduce cognitive functioning, headache, fatigue, dry skin, low blood pressure, low blood pressure, hypovolemic shock, and organ failure
How does the pituitary gland work to maintain your body’s fluid?
It secrets an antidiuretic hormone if fluid is too low it releases this ADH or vasopressin, order to the kidneys to stop excreting urine
how can a diuretic disrupt a person’s fluid and electrolyte balance?
they make a person urinate more frequently causing the kidneys to excrete higher than normal sodium
