Kap 10 - Control, closure and continuous improvement Flashcards
What is the difference between implementation, monitoring and control?
Simply stated, implementation is the execution of the project plan, while project monitoring is about collecting sufficient data to make sure that the project team implements the plan correctly. Project control is the process of ensuring that the project delivers everything it is supposed to - physical products and assets, quality products, documentation and deliverables -
such that there is complete assurance on delivery integrity
Explain the purpose and importance of project closure
Summary:
- commissioning of the project deliverables and their acceptance by the sponsor
- document all experiences in the project
Project closure provides a unique opportunity for the project manager to capture and distribute the experience, skills and knowledge that have been developed during a project.
Project closure marks the fulfilment of all client needs and
expectations and the end of project administration. All tasks must be closed, all financial details completed and the project records must be archived. The project manager must provide the client with all deliverables, including a complete project record, and must offer a final opportunity for the client to provide feedback.
What is a project control system and how do we measures its effectiveness?
Project control systems compare actual cost and progress to planned cost and progress as laid down in the baseline cost curves and baseline schedule charts.
Why is project change management important?
No matter how much time we spend on planning, changes are very likely to occur. How we handle and manage the emerging changes can make or break the project. Consequently, project change management is of vital importance for the success of the project.
What are the three different types of change?
What are some common changes that tend to occur in projects?
What are the five phases of project change management?
Who should pay for a change occurring in a project?
It is important to determine who will assume responsibility for the cost of the change before the work is undertaken. If there is a question regarding responsibility for the change, both parties must be fair and reasonable. In this situation, a healthy client relationship is essential to successful change management. Change issues should be settled promptly but should remain open until the information needed to settle them fairly has been obtained.
Explain milestone monitoring.
- Milestone monitoring is a simple method that project managers can use to control a project.
- The method is less effective and less detailed than other methods. but it has the advantage of needing only a modest’ amount of management effort to set up and maintain.
- The success of milestone monitoring depends on the identification of clear, well-defined milestones, concrete milestones, before implementation begins.
What is the purpose of earned value analysis?
Earned value analysis (EVA) /cost/schedule performance system (C / CS) / baseline performance measurement (BPM), is a widely used cost and schedule control system.
The basic principle of EVA is to compare the value of actual work completed (known as the earned value) against planned progress and actual expenditure.
What is BCWP, BCWS and ACWP?
How is SV in EVA calculated and how is it interpreted?
How is CV in EVA calculated and how is it interpreted?
How is SPI in EVA calculated and how is it interpreted?
How is CPI in EVA calculated and how is it interpreted?
SV is the difference between the value of planned work and
the value of actual work:
SV = BCWP - BCWS
A positive difference indicates that the project is ahead of schedule and a negative difference implies that the project is
late.
CV is the difference between actual expenditure and the earned value:
CV = BCWP - ACWP
A positive CV indicates a lower actual cost than budgeted for the control period, while a negative CV indicates a cost overrun.
SPI is a proportional measures of schedule performance:
SPI = BCWP / BCWS
An SPI value equal to I indicates that the associated activity is on schedule. Values larger than 1 suggest that the activity is ahead of schedule, and values smaller than 1 indicate a schedule overrun.
CPI is a proportional measures of cost performance:
CPI = BCWP / ACWP
When the CPI equals 1, a work package is on budget. CPI values larger than 1 indicate a better than planned cost performance, and values smaller than 1 indicate a cost overrun.
How is VAC and schedule at completion in EVA calculated?
The variance at completion is a forecast of the final
cost variance:
VAC = BAC − EAC
The schedule at completion is an estimate of the total duration of the project based on current schedule performance:
SAC = O.E.D/SPI
What are the three different methods for calculating EAC in EVA? When should we use each method?
Endringern fortsetter å vare (f.eks. en slutter)
Endring mellom budsjettert og faktisk kost var kortvarig (sykdom)
Når estimatet du hadde i starten var helt feil
What are the four different methods for measuring progress in a project? When should each method be used?
The 0/100 rule:Either something is done or not. There is no way for something to be half done, unless the half corresponds to something measurable.
Variation of 0/100 rule:Use 20/80 or 50/100 or some other rule to give a more accurate picture of the work done.
The ’units’ method records the number of finished units, for example one building out of ten, one document out of a hundred. But care should be taken to ensure that the units are equivalent.
The ’standards’ method is based upon the principle of a standard effort for a given quantity of work. If the job always takes 100 hours and 80 have already been spent, the physical progress will be 80%, until the standard improves.
Explain the purpose and importance of final project evaluation.
What are the determinants of project success?
Not having:
cost overrun (cost)
delay (time)
benefit shortfall (cost)
Critical chain and critical path
Critical path and critical chain is usually not the same. To be more specific, if a company either has no constraints or have an infinite amount of resources, then there is no difference between these two concepts
