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PY2013 > Kant on Aesthetics > Flashcards

Kant on Aesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by Kant’s judgements of taste having ‘subjective universality’?

A

If one thing someone thinks is really beautiful (a proper judgement has been made) then it should be beautiful for everyone.

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2
Q

How did Kant change how we view the world around us?

A

‘Objects must conform to our knowledge’ rather than ‘all our knowledge must conform to objects’

It appears like that because that is how I see it

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3
Q

How is the human mind the active originator of experience?

A

It constructs the world, it is not a passive recipient of perception

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4
Q

What, according to Kant, are the 2 faculties that process raw data?

A
  1. Imagination - Supplies the image

2. Understanding - Supplies the concept to the image

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5
Q

What is the processing of raw data aka?

A

Determinative judgement

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6
Q

How does a helmet aid an explanation of how what the world looks like to humans?

A

Living as if were wearing helmets that only allows us to see a certain way (eg only black and white even though there is colour in the world)

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7
Q

What is meant by the Noumenal Realm?

A
  • The wold as it really is

- Unknowable

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8
Q

What is meant by the Phenomenal realm?

A
  • The world as we experience it
  • The thing-as-it-appears-to-us
  • We know it as it appears to us, as it conforms to the structure of our minds
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9
Q

What do Kant and Hume largely agree on?

A

We experience the world the same way as we have the same mental faculties
Therefore, we will perceive beauty as the same

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10
Q

What were some of the overall aims of Kant’s critique of aesthetic value?

A

Bridge his other critiques pure reason and practical reason

Had to still consider judgement based on pleasure to bridge the two

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11
Q

What are the four ‘moments’ Kant lists as being a ‘judgement of taste’?

A
  1. The pleasure which determines the judgement of tastes is INDEPENDENT OF ALL INTEREST
  2. The beautiful is the object of a universal delight
  3. Beauty is in the form of finality in the object
  4. The beautiful is that which, apart from a concept, is cognised as object of a necessary delight
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12
Q

Outline the first claim Kant makes in his account of the 1st moment (wee dig at Hume)

A
  • Aesthetic contemplation focusses only on the representation of objects and the feeling of pleasure it gives
  • This means that judgements of beauty are not knowledge judgements; they don’t give us knowledge of the object but how we feel when we see it
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13
Q

Describe the idea of disinterest in Kant’s 1st moment and give an example

A

Must be indifferent to things’ real existance, only focus on the representation of the object, just how it looks

e.g. Child’s painting is prized but for interested (not disinterested) reasons - cos child did it, not cos its good

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14
Q

What reasons can you give for finding something beautiful?

A

You must think its beautiful just by looking at it - no other reasons

Cant consider what the object eg might do for you

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15
Q

What is the delight in the agreeable?

A

Coupled with interest, since agreeable is that which pleases the senses

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16
Q

What is the delight in the good?

A

Our satisfaction in the good (action/object) derives from a judgement about its desirability, its serving a purpose, either as a means or as an end itself

17
Q

Give a comparison between the delight in the good and agreeable
How does this relate to the beautiful?

A

Both agreeable and good involve reference to the faculty of desire; only the beautiful does not

18
Q

What is the most important aspect of an object?

What does this say about the judgement of taste and disinterest?

A

What matters is the way the object appears, not the way it is (or even if it is)

The judgement of taste is merely contemplative, indifferent to the real existence of the object

19
Q

Give an example of disinterest versus other judgements?

A

If a farmer, property developer and a walker were to look at the same countryside view
Only the walker will look at it and appreciate it for what it is, no practical reasons behind thinking

20
Q

How does Kant explain the nature of wanting to return to things that are beautiful?

A

We are interested in beautiful objects because they give us pleasure, but pleasure comes before the interest

21
Q

What is important to remember about disinterest?

A

Disinterested does not equal uninterested

22
Q

What is the confusing nature of Kant’s 2nd moment?

A

The judgement of taste commands a universal assent, as much as an objective judgement, despite its subjectivity

23
Q

How would Kant argue against the apparent paradox of his 2nd moment?

A
  • Everyone looks through the same lens, so should find the same things visually appealing
  • Being properly disinterested means no prejudice obstructing our judgement
24
Q

How does Kant use cognition to help explain his 2nd moment?

A

Cognition is common among everyone

Beauty involves no cognition as U and I don’t work in a regulatory manner as per cos only interested in ‘free play’ where cognitive faculties are relaxed

25
Q

What does Kant mean by beauty?

A

Universal delight

26
Q

It is the bare form of the object…

A

…which pleases

27
Q

How does finality (3rd moment) relate to objects?

A

Objects we find beautiful seem to be made to please our cognitive faculties - and so seem to have this purpose or finality

28
Q

Do objects hold such finality?

A

We will never know if objects hold such purposiveness

Kant, therefore, speaks of ‘finality without end’ and stresses that this purposiveness is only subjective

29
Q

How can the beautiful create the 4th moment?

A

The beautiful will cause pleasure (in everyone)

If we find something beautiful we impute that judgement to everyone and expect their agreement

30
Q

How is the necessity of the 4th moment not objective?

A

Because beauty is not an objective quality, it is a subjective necessity (or an ideal or norm) based on our shared common

31
Q

Describe Kant’s most valuable form of beauty

A 
Free beauty (seen as 'pure')
'Pure' judgements of taste apply to free beauty, deosnt matter what the object is to appreciate its beauty (don't need a determinative concept of the object)
32
Q

What is the form of beauty which is most relevant to cases of representational artworks (among other things)?

A

‘Dependent’ beauty
We do need some kind of idea (concept of what we’re looking at) eg concept of painting to appreciate art

Beautiful as an art piece, not that it is an art piece therefore its beautiful

33
Q

Can some artworks be cases of free beauty?

A

Yes

34
Q

What are some objections to Kant’s theory?

A
  • Disinterest, are we really not making proper judgements when we look at things practically?
  • We find/don’t find things beautiful because of something else we know about it
  • Some beautiful things purposely marry aesthetic and functional

PY2013 (3 decks)

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