Ka7 Flashcards
Evolution
Process by which living things change over time over many generations
Natural selection
Non random increase in the frequency of DNA sequencing that increases survival
Survival off the fittest
Deleterious DNA sequence
Harmful mutation which negatively effects an organisms survival chances
How does process of natural selection affect deleterious DNA sequences
Most organism which carry these sequences will die before they can be passed on to offspring
Genes transferred between individuals by same generation
Horizontal gene transfer
Vertical transfer
Egged transferred from partner to offspring result of sexual or asexual reproduction
How can evolution occur faster in prokaryotes
Prokaryotes can exchange genetic material horizontally as well at verticaly results in much faster evolutionary change than those that only use vertical gene transfer
Explain stages in the process of speciation
Stage 1-population becomes isolated by isolation Barrier
Stage 2-diff mutations occur on each sub population
Stage 3-natural selections selects diff mutations in each group due to selection pressures
Stage 4-sub populations envloves until become genetically different that they are two diff species can’t interbreed to produce offspring
What does Genomic sequencing determine
Determine for individuals gene and entire genome
How are computer programmes used to identify sequences
By looking for sequences similar to known genes
Types species had their genomes sequences
Disease causing organisms
Pest species important model organisms for research
What is phylogenetic
Study of evolutionary history and relationships
Pieces of evidence used to determine sequence of events in evolution
Sequence data
Fossil evidence
Sequence data used to study
Evolutionary relatedness a,one groups of organisms
Sequence divergence used to estimate
Time since lineages diverged
