KA6- The Structure And Function Of The Heart

Question 1

Structure and function of the heart

Answer 1

Blood flow through the heart and it’s associated blood vessels

Question 2

Cardiac output

Answer 2

The volume of blood pumped through each ventricle per minute
The left and right ventricles pump the same volume of blood through the aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 3

Diastole

Answer 3

Blood returning to the atria flows into the ventricles (1)
The higher pressure in the arteries close the SL valves (4)

Question 4

Atrial systole

Answer 4

Transfers the remainder of the blood through the atrio -ventricular (AV) valves to the ventricles (2)

Question 5

Ventricular systole

Answer 5

Closes the AV valves and pumps blood out through the SL valves (AV closed) to the aorta and pulmonary artery (3)

Question 6

Effect of pressure changes on valves

Answer 6

Opening and closing of the valves are responsible for the heart sounds heart with a stethoscope
AV close, SL open, SL close, AV open

Question 7

Electrocardiogram

Answer 7

Impulses in the heart generate currents that can be dected by this
Interpretations of electrocardiograms should involve calculation of heart rate and linking of the waves to atrial systole, ventricular systole and diastole

Question 8

Blood pressure changed in the aorta during cardiac cycle

Answer 8

Blood pressure increases during ventricular systole and decreases during diastole

Question 9

Measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer

Answer 9

An inflatable cuff stops blood flow, on the artery, and deflates gradually. The blood starts to flow (detected by a pulse) at systolic pressure. The blood flows freely through the artery ( and a pulse is not detected) at diastolic pressure.

Question 10

Hypertension

Answer 10

High blood pressure
A major risk factor for many diseases including coronary heart disease