KA2- Structure And Bonding

Question 1

First 20 elements groups

Answer 1

Metallic
Monatomic
Covalent molecular gases
Covalent molecular solids
Covalent networks

Question 2

Metallic lattice
Elements, definition, structure, conduction

Answer 2

Li, Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al
The strong electrostatic force of attraction between the positive charged ions
Giant lattice of positively charged ions surrounded by delocalised outer electrons
Conductor of electricity

Question 3

Monatomic
Elements, structure

Answer 3

He, Ne, Ar, noble gases
Discrete atoms (separate atoms) held together by London dispersion forces of attraction

Question 4

Covalent molecular gases
Elements, structure, bonds, mp

Answer 4

H, N, O, F, Cl
Discrete covalent molecules with London dispersion forces between molecules
Diatomic elements- lower masses- smaller LDF
Low mp

Question 5

Covalent molecular solids
Elements, structure, bonds, mp, conduction

Answer 5

P4, S8
Discrete covalent molecules with London dispersion forces between the molecules
Higher masses- larger LDF
Low mp
Non conductor

Question 6

Discrete covalent molecules

Answer 6

Covalent bonds within the molecule

Question 7

Covalent networks
Elements, structure, mp, conduction

Answer 7

B, C, Si
Giant lattice of covalently bonded atoms
High mp
Non-conductor - exception carbon and graphite

Question 8

Carbon- fullerenes
Structure

Answer 8

Molecular form of carbon
Spherical structure
Buckministerfullerene- C60

Question 9

Diamond
Conduction, mp/bp, structure, use

Answer 9

All electrons held in covalent bonds so doesn’t conduct
Very high mp and bp
Rigid 3D structure
Very hard
In cutting tools
To break, covalent bonds must be broken

Question 10

Graphite
Conduction, structure, uses

Answer 10

Conducts as only 3 electrons per carbon atom are held in covalent bonds, 4th electron delocalised
Layers he,d together by weak forces of attraction- easily broken, allowing layers to slide
Used as lubricant and in pencils

Question 11

Bonding/structure present in compounds

Answer 11

Ionic lattices
Covalent molecules
Covalent networks

Question 12

Ionic lattices
Structure, conduction, mp, define

Answer 12

Structure- compounds of metals and non-metals
Conductor when molten or in solution
High mps
The strong electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions

Question 13

Covalent molecules

Answer 13

The covalent bond is a result of 2 positive nuclei being held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of electrons

Question 14

Bonding in elements and compounds

Answer 14

Split into 2 sections -
Intramolecular bonding
Intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 15

Intramolecular bonding

Answer 15

Strong bonds within molecules
Intra-within
Types- metallic bonding, ionic bonding, covalent bonding

Question 16

Covalent bond

Answer 16

Non metal atoms share pairs of electrons
The strong electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nuclei and the shared pair of negatively charged electrons
Types- pure covalent and polar covalent

Question 17

Pure covalent bond

Answer 17

Formed when the bonding pair of electrons are held at the mid-point between the nuclei of the bonding atoms
Same Electronegativity value

Question 18

Polar covalent

Answer 18

Formed when the bonding pair of electrons are shared unequally between the nucleus of the bonding atoms
Due to the different Electronegativity values
Element with higher Electronegativity pulls the bonding electrons towards itself making it slightly negative and the other element slightly positive
Dipole formed

Question 19

Increasing ionic character

Answer 19

Non polar covalent bonding- electrons are shared equally 0.4
Polar covalent bonding- electrons are shared unequally 1.7
Ionic bonding- electrons are transferred

Question 20

Ion formation

Answer 20

If electronegativy value is large, then the movement of bonding electrons from the lower element to the higher is complete, resulting in the formation of ions