KA1.6 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Respiration is when the … energy stored in … is released by all cells through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions.
chemical … glucose.
Respiration is when the chemical energy stored in glucose is released by all cells through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions.
What type of cells would need a high number of mitochondria?
Muscle, sperm and nerve cells.
These all require high amounts of energy which is what the mitochondria produces.
ATP can be used for cellular activities such as cell division, …, … and …
ATP can be used for cellular activities such as cell division, muscle cell contraction, active transport and protein synthesis.
Name the two types of respiration and what conditions they each happens.
Aerobic respiration only happens when oxygen is present. Fermentation only happens when oxygen is absent.
During stage 1 of aerobic respiration and fermentation glucose is broken down into … and releases … ATP molecules
Pyruvate and 2 ATP.
Stage 1 of aerobic respiration involves the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate and the production of 2 ATP molecules.
Where does stage 1 of aerobic respiration take place?
Cytoplasm
What must be present for stage 2 of aerobic respiration to occur?
Oxygen.
Stage 2’s chemical reaction requires oxygen so if it’s absent then fermentation happens instead.
What happens to during stage 2 of aerobic respiration?
Pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide and water and releases lots of ATP.
Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen. What happens to pyruvate in animal cells?
Converted into lactate/lactic acid.
Glucose is broken down the pyruvate in stage 1 of fermentation, before the pyruvate is turned into lactate.
In plant and yeast cells, pyruvate is converted to … and …
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
They are produced from pyruvate.
Only … ATP molecules are produced in fermentation.
2 ATP molecules are produced in fermentation.
Where does stage 2 of aerobic respiration take place?
The mitochondria
What is the word equation for animal fermentation?
Glucose -> Pyruvate Lactate
What is the word equation for stage 1 of aerobic respiration?
Glucose -> Pyruvate + 2 ATP
What is the word equation for stage 2 of aerobic respiration?
Pyruvate -> carbon dioxide + water + lots of ATP
