KA1.4 - Proteins and Enzymes Flashcards
What determines a proteins shape and function?
The sequence/order of amino acids.
The protein is made of many different amino acids joined together, how many amino acids and their order impacts the protein’s function
The five types of protein are enzyme, …
Enzyme, structural, antibody, hormone, receptor.
Enzymes are biological …
Catalysts.
They speed up chemical reactions.
Enzymes bind to what?
Substrates
An enzymes active site is … to the substrate
Complementary
What does complementary mean in the context of an enzyme and it’s substrate?
The enzyme’s active site and the substrate have matching shapes.
An enzyme is said to be specific, what does this mean?
That the enzyme only binds to it’s complementary substrate(s) and nothing else.
An enzyme turns a substrate into a …
Product
Synthesis reactions are when multiple … substrates join together to make one … product
Smaller … larger.
Synthesis reactions are when multiple smaller substrates join together to make one larger product.
Describe a degradation reaction.
When a large substrate is broken down into multiple smaller products.
An enzyme works … at it’s optimum conditions.
best.
Every enzyme has it’s own optimum conditions for temperature and pH at which it works the best and speeds up chemical reactions the fastest.
What happens to an enzyme if the temperature is below the optimum temperature?
It slows down and doesn’t work as well.
Enzymes and substrates will move slower at lower temperatures and so will be less likely to bump into each other and bind.
When an enzyme becomes too hot it …
Denatures
What happens to an enzyme’s shape if it becomes denatured.
It’s permanently changed, so the substrate no longer fits into the active site. This slows the rate of reaction.
If the pH of an enzyme’s environment is too low or high above the optimum what happens?
The enzyme denatures.
