KA1.3 - DNA and the Production of Proteins Flashcards
What is the shape of DNA called?
Double-stranded helix
The DNA is made of many small … stacked on top of each other to form the DNA strands
Nucleotides.
They stack on top of each other and form a strand of DNA.
How many strands are found in DNA?
Two.
DNA has two strands which are complementary (matching) to each other
What are the four bases in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
The DNA bases have complementary pairs, explain what this means?
Adenine and Thymine bond together and Cytosine and Guanine bond together.
A DNA strand has 28% adenine bases, how many of each other bases will it have?
28% Thymine (as A and T always pair togther), 22% Guanine and 22% Cytosine (There is 56% A and T so this leaves 44% out of 100 which must be G and C)
The base … determines the amino acid sequence in proteins
sequence/order
A gorilla and eagle both have 28% Adenine, 28% Thymine, 22% Guanine and 22% Cytosine, yet they are both very different organisms. Explain this
The order/sequence of bases is different.
For example desserts and stressed have the exact number and type of letters but have completely different meanings due to the order of the letters.
A gene is a section of … that codes for a ….
DNA … protein. A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein.
Where is mRNA (messenger RNA) made?
The nucleus. It’s a complementary copy of DNA
mRNA travels from the nucleus to the …
Ribosome. The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis which mRNA is used to make.
What does mRNA do at the ribosome?
The ribosome turns the complementary copy of DNA on the mRNA to amino acids which make a protein
