KA1.3 - DNA and the Production of Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the shape of DNA called?

A

Double-stranded helix

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2
Q

The DNA is made of many small … stacked on top of each other to form the DNA strands

A

Nucleotides.

They stack on top of each other and form a strand of DNA.

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3
Q

How many strands are found in DNA?

A

Two.

DNA has two strands which are complementary (matching) to each other

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4
Q

What are the four bases in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

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5
Q

The DNA bases have complementary pairs, explain what this means?

A

Adenine and Thymine bond together and Cytosine and Guanine bond together.

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6
Q

A DNA strand has 28% adenine bases, how many of each other bases will it have?

A

28% Thymine (as A and T always pair togther), 22% Guanine and 22% Cytosine (There is 56% A and T so this leaves 44% out of 100 which must be G and C)

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7
Q

The base … determines the amino acid sequence in proteins

A

sequence/order

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8
Q

A gorilla and eagle both have 28% Adenine, 28% Thymine, 22% Guanine and 22% Cytosine, yet they are both very different organisms. Explain this

A

The order/sequence of bases is different.

For example desserts and stressed have the exact number and type of letters but have completely different meanings due to the order of the letters.

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9
Q

A gene is a section of … that codes for a ….

A

DNA … protein. A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein.

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10
Q

Where is mRNA (messenger RNA) made?

A

The nucleus. It’s a complementary copy of DNA

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11
Q

mRNA travels from the nucleus to the …

A

Ribosome. The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis which mRNA is used to make.

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12
Q

What does mRNA do at the ribosome?

A

The ribosome turns the complementary copy of DNA on the mRNA to amino acids which make a protein

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