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Pharmacology > K9 Vaccines > Flashcards

K9 Vaccines Flashcards

0
Q

K9 Core Vaccines:

A

DA2PP and Rabies

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1
Q

Typical Canine Vaccines

A

First Vaccine at 8 weeks of age, then every 3-4 weeks until 16 weeks of age, then annually

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2
Q

DHLPPC

A
  • Distemper
  • Hepatitis
  • Leptospirosis
  • Parvovirus
  • Parainfluenza
  • Corona virus
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3
Q

DA2PPC

A
  • Distemper
  • Adenovirus (CAV-2)
  • Parainfluenza
  • Parvovirus
  • Coronavirus
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4
Q

What is Distemper?

A
  • Highly contagious virus
  • Wild animals are susceptible –mink, skunks, wild canids, ferrets, racoons
  • Varying degrees of symptoms/mortality
  • Immunosuppressive
  • Resembles measles-immunologically
  • Incubation time is 9-18 days
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5
Q

Distemper: signs

A
  • Transient fever, leukopenia
  • Conjuctivitis, cough, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Anorexia, dehydration, lethargy
  • Secondary bacterial infections
  • Hyperkeratotic foot pads and nose
  • Encephalitis- later stages effects CNS: seizures, ataxia, blindness
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6
Q

Distemper: treatment

A
  • Cannot treat cause, only symptoms
  • Guarded prognosis
  • Antibiotic
  • Fluids, electrolytes
  • Nutrition
  • Anti-emetic, anti-diarrheals
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7
Q

Distemper: vaccine

A
  • 2-3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, then annually
  • Has been effective in controlling the spread of the disease
  • MLV
  • Can use measles vaccine in puppies <10 weeks of age
  • Transmission: body secretions, aerosol, direct
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8
Q

What is Hepatitis?

A
  • Canine adenovirus type 1 causes the disease
  • Canine adenovirus type 2 used in vaccine- cross protective immunity
  • Incubation: 4-7 days
  • Transmission: oronasal
  • Infects liver and blood vessels
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9
Q

Hepatitis: signs

A
  • Fever, depression, lethargy, leukopenia
  • Liver dz/failure, bleeding problems
  • Jaundice-amber urine and serum/plasma
  • Therapy:
  • Supportive and symptomatic
  • Steroids and antibiotics
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10
Q

What is Leptospirosis?

A
  • Spirochete-long slender, spiral shaped bacteria
  • Zoonotic- wear gloves when handling animal and cleaning up urine
  • Spread via urine in water, soil, and feed from wildlife and farm animals
  • Carrier state possible
  • Transmission: through skin and mm
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11
Q

Leptospirosis: signs

A
  • Disorders of the kidney, liver, and blood vessels
  • At least 250 different strains of Lepto

•Only up to 4 strains in the vaccine:
•L. canicola, L. icterohaemorrhagiae,
L. pomona, L. grippotyphosa

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12
Q

Canine Parvovirus

A
  • This is the #1 infectious disease of dogs in the USA
  • Discovered in 1978 and has changed…
  • Extremely resistant: lives several years in the environment. Can survive on fomites. Bleach kills it.
  • Transmission: ingest or inhale from feces
  • 3-7 days incubation
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13
Q

Canine Parvovirus: signs

A
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Dehydration
  • Leukopenia
  • Fever
  • Anorexia
  • Lethargy
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14
Q

Canine Parvovirus (facts)

A
  • Higher incidence in Rottweiler, Doberman, Labrador, and Pit Bull Terrier
  • Puppies are more susceptible than adults
  • “Black and Tan Dog Disease”

•Diagnosis: clinical signs, WBC count, and antigen test

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15
Q

Corona virus

A
  • Similar to parvovirus symptoms
  • Causes mild gastroenteritis
  • Can be prevented with a vaccine
  • Not as serious as Parvo
  • Provide supportive care
  • MLV or killed
  • 2 or 3 doses 3-4 weeks apart then annually
16
Q

Parainfluenza

A
  • Virus
  • Part of Infectious Tracheobronchitis (kennel cough) complex
  • Associated with other viruses and Bordetella
  • Signs: cough, +/- fever
  • Usually recover on their own
  • Treatment: cough suppressant and antibiotics
  • Vaccine: MLV effective, SQ or IN
17
Q

Infectious Tracheobronchitis

•Known as “Kennel Cough”

A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica- bacteria
  • Highly contagious
  • 5-10 days incubation period
  • Signs: retching cough and gagging, +/- fever
  • Can last for weeks, but is usually self-limiting
18
Q

Lyme Disease: Borellia Burgdorferi

A
  • Transmission: Spirochete bacteria that is transmitted by deer ticks of Ixodes spp.
  • Tick must be attached for 36-48 hours for bacteria to multiply in tick and migrate to it’s saliva to transmit to the dog
19
Q

Lyme disease treatment?

A

•Doxycycline is antibiotic of choice, usually good response to antibiotic therapy if infection caught early

20
Q

Giardia

A
  • Not routinely used
  • Prevents oocyst shedding, not disease
  • Infection usually self limiting, may need meds
  • Killed vaccine
  • 2 to 3 doses 3-4 weeks apart then annually

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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