K - Topics Flashcards
Post operative patients need how much protein?
1.1 - 1.5 g/kg/day
The anti-oxidant in human serum are:
- Ascorbic Acid
- Uric Acid
- Alpha - tocopherol
- Glutathione
Daily needs of protein in elderly is:
1.2 - 1.5 g/kg/day
True Statement of CoQ10:
- CoQ10 is necessary for proper mitochondrial function.
2. CoQ10 level declines in diabetes.
Hypoxemia has oxygen saturation in arterial blood less than?
95%
Consequences of stress starvation:
- Low albumin level
- Low immune response
- Impairment of wound healing
- Higher morbidity and mortality
What is the product of Fungi?
Arabinitol and Arabinose
Target group of gene test
All ages
How does chronic inflammation related to anti-aging?
Chronic inflammation can negatively affect your health and even accelerate aging.
What are the two principal factors in aging process?
Bad Genetic and High Oxidative stress
What occur once telomere shrinks to a certain level?
The cellular senescence occurs
Markers of oxidative stress are
- Lipid Peroxide’s
- Isoprostanes
- Oxidized LDL
- 8-Hydorxy-2-Deoxyguanosine
Why do we test the level of Cortisol and DHEA in adrenal stress index test?
- Cortisol evaluate stress response.
- DHEA determine stress adaptation.
- Imbalance of these hormones are associated with obesity chronic fatigue to immune deficiency and increase risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Effect of cold stress
Increased glycolysis
How many letters of code in human genome?
3 billions
Normal telomere length in newborn is
10,000
What is the marker of Xylene exposure?
2-Methyl Hippurate
What do you focus if your patients have multiple SNPs in phase II enzymes?
- Arginine and Methionine
- Glutamine and Glycine
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin E
Normal person needs protein:
0.8 g/kg/day
The major routes of Lead absorption are?
Gastrointestinal Tract and Respiratory system
What does Telomere do?
They separate one chromosome from another.
New marker for CA breast is:
CA 549
The leaky gut syndrome can lead to:
- Blood brain barrier breach
- Inflammation
- Autoimmunity
- Malabsorption and Nutrient deficiency
Effect of physical stress:
Mild physical activity increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)
Severe weight loss means:
Percent of weight loss > 2% w/in 1 week
What is the bio marker of B12 in organic acid test?
Methylmalonate
What is 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)?
DNA oxidative stress marker
What factors affect nutritional status?
- Digestion of nutrients
- Absorption of nutrients
- Individual nutrients requirement
What is Dysbiosis?
- A bacterial imbalance in the gut, which can compromise the immune system.
- It plays a part in many conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, Anklyosing Spondylitus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue, Eczema, food allergies.
- Two main causes of dysbiosis are antibiotics, pesticides and environment toxicities.
Biomarker of cadmium exposure:
Urine and Blood
Hypoxic stress leads to:
- Increase mitochondrial ROS
2. Mitochondrial ultra structural damage.
Elongation therapy for short telomere includes:
- TA 65
- Astrgalus
- Stem Cell
- Fucoindan
Vitamin A and E:
- Vitamin A deficiency test are measured by vitamin A-serum and beta-carotene serum.
- Roles of vitamin A are cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and vision.
- Vitamin E deficiency test are measured by tocopnerol concentration in serum or plasma.
About95% of the body burden of Lead is found in?
Bone
How many SNP in average person?
3 millions
Dietary and lifestyle factors that causes inflammation include?
- Highly refined carbohydrates
- Chronic stress physical and emotional
- Unhealthy fats
- Skimping on sleep.
What are the level of functional test?
- SNPs-Genetic
- Epigenetics-Methylation, phosphorylation
- Biochemistry - Functional test
In SLE, oxidative stress damage can occur at:
60kD ribosome
Which form of mercury can cross blood brain barrier?
Methyl Mercury
What are the interfering biomedical contributing factors of autistic children?
- Food sensitivities
- Opiate-like byproducts from casein, gluten
- Intestinal dysbiosis - imbalance of gut ecosystem
- Poor detoxification
Which functions are affected by Biopterin deficiency?
- Thyroid hormone
- Nitric oxide production
- Neurotransmitters
Alzheimer’s disease patient come to you which test is the most related to disease?
Serum Aluminum
Vitamin K
- Vitamin K is a valuable diagnostic parameter in osteoporosis and bone fractures.
- Higher vitamin K status has been associated with low fracture risk.
- Current dietary recommendation of vitamin K may be sufficient to maintain vascular and bone health.
What are organic acids in urinary organic acids test?
- Metabolic intermediates in central energy production detoxification, neurotransmitter breakdown, and intestinal microbial activity
- Products of metabolism in human body
- Used for detection of inborn errors of metabolism.
What types of functional lab tests may be used?
- Evaluating organ “function” versus organ “pathology”
- Lab tests that allow practitioners to understand a patient’s functional status and can detect problems long before more traditional tests find anything miss.
- Lab tests that check for nutritional status, digestive function, food and environmental allergies, hormones balance, etc.
Vegetarian people consume wheat will be shortage of
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Cysteine
- Tryptophan
Which statements are true regarding Biopterin?
- BH4 (tetrahydrobioptrin) is a co-factor in nitric oxide production
- Biopterin can be synthesized in our body.
Which are the consequences of chronic inflammation?
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines cause auto immune reactions in the brain which can lead to depression, autism, poor memory, Alzheimer’s disease and MS.
- Inflammatory cytokines can cause muscle pain and weakness. It can manifest as carpal tunnel syndrome, or poly myalgia rheumatical.
- Inflammation interferes with the body’s natural ability to repair bone mass and lead to condition like osteoporosis.
- Auto immunity as a result of inflammation can reduce total thyroid receptor count and disrupts thyroid hormone function.
What are the consequence of gut dysbiosis?
- Increased inflammation
- Increased oxidative stress
- Altered production of neurotransmitters
- Impair Detoxification
Oxidative Stress can:
- Simulate NADPH Oxidase enzyme
- Simulate IL8 production
- Stimulate IL6 production
- Stimulate INF-Alfa production
What are the basic steps for detox?
- Dentist and remove the source of toxics.
- Protect from toxic damage
- Support the elimination
- Enhance liver detox
What are the contributing factors that make the need of vitamins/minerals in Autistic children?
- Poor intake - picky eating, restricted appetites
- Poor digestion and/or absorption
- Higher nutrients needs
- Poor methylation/sulfation
What cause of Autism?
Multifactorial factors - Genetics, environments, diet, etc.
Nutritional stress can:
Increase total WBC, eosinophil and metamyelocyte
What are the most common reasons to use vitamin D 25-OH levels?
- Bone Health prevention
- Cancer prevention
- Cardiovascular Health Prevention
- Autoimmune prevention
What are the clinical relevance of urinary organic acids?
- Mitochondrial dysfunction and energy production of the body.
- Detoxification of the body
- B-vitamin deficiency
- Do we have excessive growth of bacteria and fungi in the gut or systemic?
What is the biomarker of folic acids in organic acids test?
Formiminoglutamic acid
What are Biomarkers?
- Biochemical abnormalities that occur during disease.
- Biomarkers help physicians in evaluating a patient’s risk of developing diseases.
- The substances that we can detect in biological samples of patients using analysis methods.
- We can predict the early risks of diseases before clinical symptoms by these biochemical abnormalities.
What are the amino acids that converted to the alpha-keto acids?
Valine & Leucine & Isoleucine
True statement regarding mitochondria:
Mitochondria DNA is more prone to oxidative damage than nuclear DNA.
What are the nutrigenomics profile telling?
- Influence of food on genetic expression and lifestyle.
- How what you eats turns on or off your genes.
- Interactive between genes and nutrients.
- Chronic diseases onset, incidence, progressive, and severity influenced by diet-regulated genes.
MUFA is found in
- Avocado Oil
- Olive Oil (found the most)
- Canola Oil
Which statements are true regarding serum CoQ10 level?
- Nervous function is related to serum CoQ10
- Low blood levels of CoQ10 have been found in people with hypertension
- Statin drunks could lower CoQ10 level.
Chronic stress can:
- Alter limbic system and potentiate more oxidative stress in the body
- Increase much production
- Increase PgE2 secretion
Cardiovascular gene testing can be used in?
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
