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Question 1

What are 5 benefits of outdoor actviities?

Answer 1

increased fitness
increased coordination/agility
increased self-confidence
increased enjoyment/satisfaction
increased connection with nature

Question 2

What 3 benefits has research found about outdoor activities?

Answer 2

• reduction in tension, anxiety, anger
• more positive feelings of vitality and engagement, overall feelings of satisfaction
• restorative

Question 3

What are the 4 goals of outdoor pursuits?

Answer 3

Recreational: fund, enjoyment (ex. Outdoor tennis, outdoor wilderness)
Therapeutic: improve aspect of being (mental, physical, emotional well-being)
Developmental: challenge to individuals, expand their abilities, test their limits
Educational: Learn about oneself, teamwork (nature, environment, sustainable practices)

Question 4

What are 4 land-based pursuits?

Answer 4

• Hiking: consists of travelling (trail), don’t use vehicle, now trying to support individuals with disabilities to experience nature, outdoors. Day activity
• Backpacking: Multi-day activity, spend the night camping, need to give opportunities for people with disabilities to explore
• Downhill/ alpine skiing: includes recreational, racing, freestyle. Most alpine skiing occurs at ski resort or backcountry
• Skating: sledge hockey, roller blading, using chair, skateboarding

Question 5

What are 3 water-based outdoor pursuits?

Answer 5

• Canoeing: flatter water, more stable
• Kayaking: faster moving water, less stable
• Sailing: not self-propelled. Provides a lot of opportunities for individuals with disability to try. Modifications to boats, sip and puff to control sails, can be rec level or competitive.

Question 6

The physical benefits of exercise include increased? (7)

Answer 6

• Muscular strength
• Flexibility
• Cardiovascular endurance
• Weight reduction
• Improved mood
• Reduced feelings of depression and isolation
• Increased self-esteem

Question 7

What are 2 reasons to improve fitness?

Answer 7

1. Improvements in activities of daily living (ADL)
   - Improvements in strength, flexibility, balance = engage in ADLs
2. Improve level of sport performance / achievement
   - Increases in strength, flexibility, endurance = increased speed, power, overall performance

Question 8

What 3 things do you need to consider as a physical activity practitioner?

Answer 8

• Person (capabilities of person, what they can do)
• Task (what type of PA to engage in, what is appropriate)
• Context (environment where fitness activities will take place)

Question 9

What are the 4 guidelines for Inclusive Fitness Activities?

Answer 9

1. Increase knowledge of fitness programming
   - Components of fitness and general training principles
   - Understand considerations for ex. prescription
   - Current recommendations
2. Understand exercise implications for individuals who experience disability
   - Meaningful and appropriate
   - Recommendations for participants
   - Exercise implications and activity contraindications
3. Assess participants’ readiness to exercise
   - Health screening or appraisal
   - Understand: fitness development, specifics of the program, implications or inherent risks associated with exercising
   - Obtain informed consent from participants
   - Obtain a medical release form from physician
4. Help participants set realistic and appropriate fitness goals
   - Know how to assist participants in identifying attainable outcomes
   - Implication of goals that are unreasonable = withdrawal from program

Question 10

What is overload?

Answer 10

load or amount of resistance placed on body

Question 11

What are the benefits of spinning?

Answer 11

• Aerobic conditioning/endurance
• Increased leg strength
• Less potential for injury
• Might be more motivating for those
• Helps people stay in shape

Question 12

How does the red cross define aquatics?

Answer 12

“modified swimming techniques that accommodate the abilities of individuals with cognitive or physical limitations”

Question 13

What is the goal of aquatics?

Answer 13

to provide individuals with the skills that they need in order to be able to participate in swimming and water safety at an independent level

Question 14

What is water competence? What are individuals expected to do?

Answer 14

competence as requiring an individual to be able to demonstrate proficiency in a variety of aquatic skills (learning how to swim)
o To learn how to swim
o To be able to use what they have learned in the swimming environment in a variety of aquatic settings (ex able to participate in canoeing)

Question 15

What is the main benefit of the water competence model?

Answer 15

it provides a variety of different aquatic opportunities that can be satisfying for individuals who experience disability. It can help to expand their choice of activities.

Question 16

What are the modifiable components of an aquatics program?

Answer 16

• Instruction
• Equipment
• Strokes that are introduced (strategies)
• Swimming skills
• Recreational skills
• Water safety skills

Question 17

What is the purpose of inclusive PA?

Answer 17

• “Our aim is to raise awareness of trauma and introduce resources for enacting trauma-informed practice.”
• “We also pose difficult questions about how we, as “helping” practitioners, researchers, and educators may be perpetuating or perpetrating harm and trauma, in particular ‘sanism’ , within our profession.”
• “Ultimately, we invite readers to join us in reflection and action toward anti-pathologizing trauma-informed APA.”

Question 18

What are the main goals of inclusive PA?

Answer 18

create safer, more inclusive programs and services

Question 19

What is trauma informed practice?

Answer 19

‘…trauma-informed services work to integrate knowledge and practices that honor the “prevalence and impact of trauma and the complex paths to healing and recovery . . . to avoid retraumatizing those who come seeking assistance as well as staff . . . [and to] seek “safety first” and commit themselves to “do no harm.”

Question 20

What are the key principles of trauma-informed practice?

Answer 20

• Trauma awareness
• Safety, trustworthiness and transparency
• Choice and control (for participants)
• Connection and collaboration (genuine connection)
• Peer support
• A strengths-based empowerment approach
• Intersectional analyses of issues related to gender, cultural, and history

Question 21

What are the 5 steps for inclusive PA:

Answer 21

Preparation phase:
1. Ensure access (PA spaces and programming)
- Understand how to gain access (referral from doctor)
- Educate participants, administrators, supervisors, parents, family members
2. Establish supportive networks (resources)
- Identify & employ resources
- Advocate for increased PA opportunities, ongoing participation
3. Promote positive PA environment
- Prepare participants for individualized approach
- Prepare staff and related personnel

The planning and implementing phase:
4. Plan for Individualized Instruction
- Determine what the priority and goals are for the program
- Identify who is responsible for implementing instruction / program
- Develop PA plan in collaborative approach
- Determine whether modifications are necessary to support participant
- Understand any support that your participant needs to allow success (transportation)
5. Assess for Success (ensure participants are on way to achieving goals)
- Assess participants progress, see how they are feeling, assess overall effectiveness

Question 22

What 3 things can you modify for inclusive PA for toddlers?

Answer 22

Learning environment: size, weight, texture, color of objects, boundaries
Content: break down activities, simplify
Process: different props, establish routine, visual cards

Question 23

What is differentiation?

Answer 23

supporting individual needs, tailoring program to children’s needs