k Flashcards
What is the Q angle in women?
16 degrees
What is the Q angle in men?
12 degrees
M or F more likely to have hip fracture
F
What are the 3 bones of the hip?
Pubis, ischium and ileum
What is the acetabulum?
Deep socket of the hip bone into which the head of the femur fits.
What is the acetabular labrum + is its role?
Cartilage rim, increases depth of socket = increases stability
How many strong spiral extra-articular ligaments in hip joint?
3
How many intra-articular ligaments in hip joint + what is its name?
1 - ligamentum teres femoris or round ligament of femur
What are the 2 major types of hip fractures?
Intra and extracapsular
Which has a higher risk of avascular necrosis of femoral head - intra and extracapsular fractures?
Intracapsular
What are the 4 major sings of posterior dislocation of hip (i.e. from car crash)?
shortened leg, flexed, internally rotated, adducted (towards other leg)
What is the nerve supply (+roots) to posterior thigh compartment?
Sciatic (L4-S3)
What are the 3 compartments of leg thigh?
Post, medial, ant
What are the 3 compartments of the leg?
Post, lat, ant
What is the nerve supply to medial thigh compartment?
Obturator
What is the nerve supply (+roots) to anterior thigh compartment?
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
What are the 2 common actions of muscles in the posterior thigh compartment?
Hip extension + knee flexion
What is the common action of muscles in the medial thigh compartment?
Hip adduction
What is the common action of muscles in the anterior thigh compartment?
Knee extension
What aspect of thigh are major vessels i.e. the femoral artery running through.
Medial
What is the nerve supply of the posterior compartment of leg?
Tibial (branch of sciatic)
What is the nerve supply of the anterior compartment of leg?
Deep fibular nerve (branch of common fibula nerve which is branch of sciatic)
Damage to the common fibula nerve leads to what sign?
Foot drop (high stepping gate as cannot dorsiflex)
What is the nerve supply of the lateral compartment of leg?
Superficial fibula (branch of common fibula nerve which is branch of sciatic)
What are the 3 common action of muscles in the post leg compartment?
Plantar flexion, flexion of toes, inversion
What are the 2 common action of muscles in the ant leg compartment?
Dorsiflexion, extension of toes
What is the common action of muscles in the lat leg compartment?
Eversion
What is compartment syndrome?
Increased pressure which can = restricting blood flow + can damage muscles and nerves.
What compartment in leg most common for compartment syndrome?
Anterior (2 bones, interosseous membrane between bones, thick deep fascia + IM septum that does not stretch)
List some causes of compartment syndrome?
Fractures that cause bleeding, overuse = muscle swelling.
Treatment of compartment syndrome?
Fasciotomy to relieve pressure
What is the difference between deep and superficial veins?
Deep - often paired with arteries - material pulsation helps with return. Superficial - sub cut, don’t follow arteries, drain into deep veins, prone to varicosities.
Tendon reflexes memory aid:
Achilles (sciatic) - S1,S2, bucked my shoe (ankle). Patellar (femoral) - L3,L4, kick the door (knee). Biceps (musculocutaneous) - C5,C6 pick up sticks. Triceps (radial) - C7,C8 shut the gate.
