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Quantum Computing > K > Flashcards

K Flashcards

1
Q

What is the classical stack?

A
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2
Q

How are inputs converted to outputs?

A

Gates

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3
Q

What are bits?

A

The fundamental units of information in a computer. Either a 0(open circuit) or a 1(closed circuit).

Used because can be electrically easily represented by on or off

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4
Q

What are transistors?

A

Small electric switches

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5
Q

What are gates?

A

Manipulate bits

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6
Q

What is a circuit?

A

A sequence of gates

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7
Q

What is the path to Quantum Coding?

A
  1. Basics of Python
  2. Basics of Cirq
  3. Quantum coding
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8
Q

What are python Libraires?

A

Specialised fools in a toolbox. Pre made instructions ready to go

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9
Q

What are the main python coding libraries for Quantum Computing

A

Cirq and numpy

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10
Q

what are attributes?

data

A
  • the information we work with
  • eg: the names of all the students in a class or the answer to a problem

nouns/ names

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11
Q

what are methods (behaviour)?

A
  • the actions we perform with the data
  • eg: sorting the names of students/ calculating the naswers to a problem

verbs/ actions

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12
Q

what is an object?

A

attributes and methods together

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13
Q

what are data types/ classes?

A

a tool to create a specific object

cookie cutter

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14
Q

what are the conventions of naming variables?

A
  • no numbers at the **
    start **
  • no special characters
  • no built in words
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15
Q

what is a quantum computer?

A

a device that akes inputs, processes them in a quantum mechanical way and outputs the results
* superposition
* interference
* entanglement
* measurement

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16
Q

what is the problem of the classical stack?

A
  • the end of moores law
  • limitations of the atomic scale
  • cannot put that many transistors into small micro chip
17
Q

what is quantum tunneling?

A

an object teleporting to the other side of a closed barrier without ever touching it

18
Q

what are problematic quantum effects?

A
  • as the micro chip is made smaller and smaller
  • the probability of quantum tunneling becomes more and more frequent
  • 1s could look ike 0s leading to calculation errors beyond correction

classical computers cannot be made more powerful

19
Q

what is the quantum stack?

bottom to top

A
  1. quantum bits (Qubits)
  2. quantum gates
  3. quantum circuits
  4. quantum algorithms and protocols
  5. applications

usses quantumn mechnaics

20
Q

what is a qubit?

A

can be in a state of 0 or 1 **or in a state of superposition **

21
Q

what is the super position analogy?

A

flipping a coin

22
Q

what are the two different quantumn gates?

A
  • X gate (gives opposite)
  • H gate (creates equal super position)
23
Q

what are 3 main ways to represent qubits?

A
  • ket notation |0> |1>,
  • the bloch sphere
  • vectors
24
Q

what are the advantagtes of quantum computers?

A
  • can search / test large databases much quicker
  • secure encryption
    *
25
Q

what are the limitations of classical physics?

A

electrons don’t collapse into the nucleus

26
Q

what is destructive wave interference?

A

wavelengths are added yp so cancel each other out

27
Q

what is contructive interference?

A

when waves add up and become twice as big

28
Q

what is the double slit experiment?

A
  • if light was a wave then we would see multiple lines showing as an interfernec pattern
  • if light was a particle there would just be projection
29
Q

what is an interference pattern?

A

when construction interference and destruction interfernce happen as there is a source of two waves

30
Q

describe the property of electron after the double slit experiemnt

A

wave- particle duality is both as is discrete but arranged in the interefernce pattern

31
Q

define super position

A

the ability of a quatum object to be in multiple states at the same time, with probabilities of being measured in each state

32
Q

define interference

A

the ability of waves and wavefunctions to add up or cancel each other out when they overlap

33
Q

define measurement

A

forcing a superposition to pick what state the object will be in. This is irreversible and destroys the superposition

super position collapse

34
Q

how does super psoition apply to quantum objects (eg: electron)

A

allows it to be in multiple states at the same time

35
Q

what is a wave function?

A

how likley we are to find the electron at wach possible state

the larger the wave the higher the probability

36
Q

what is the result of measuremnt?

A

always random.

37
Q

what happens when yo try to measure wave function

A

always destroys superposition, the interference pattern dissapears

38
Q

what is entanglement?

A

one one object’s state depends on the other object’s state

electrons communicating with each other

39
Q

how is entanglement useful?

A

information is found more powerfully than with classical objects

Quantum Computing (1 decks)

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