JVP waveform

Question 1

When does systole start & end

Answer 1

Ventricular systole starts at end of a wave (atrial contraction stops, no further blood to fill ventricle) & TV closes, before the c wave (ventricular contraction).

It ends at the peak of the v wave (passive villing of atria) to allow the TV to open and passive emptying of the atria into the ventricule.

Atrial systole is the bottom of the y descent (passive emptying) to the top of the a wave (atrial contraction), where the x descent starts (atrial relaxation)

Question 2

what are the parts of the jvp waveform

Answer 2

a = Atrial contrAction

c = ventriCular Contraction

x = atrial relaXation

v = villing of atria

y = emptYing of atria

Question 3

What does this JVP waveform represent & why

Answer 3

Absent A wave = AF (or TR)

No effective atrial contraction

Question 4

Waveform & why

Answer 4

Absent a waves = AF

Question 5

Waveform & why

Answer 5

Sharp & deep x and y descents“w sign” - constrictive pericarditis

Question 6

waveform & why

Answer 6

Sharp & deep x and y descents = constrictive pericarditis

Question 7

waveform and why

Answer 7

Cannon a waves: complete heart block

Atrial contraction against closed TV

Question 8

WAveform and why

Answer 8

loose or blunted y descent = cardiac tamponade

Due to increased intracardiac pressure preventing diastolic filling of ventricles during early diastole (passive from atria)

Question 9

waveform & why

Answer 9

Constrictive pericarditis or restrictive cardiomyopathy

prominent x and y descents

Question 10

waveform & why

Answer 10

Atrial septic defect (ASD)

equal A and V waves

Question 11

Causes dominant a wave

Answer 11

• TS
• Pulm stenosis
• pulm HTN

Question 12

Causes dominant v wave

Answer 12

• TR

Question 13

Causes cannon a wave

Answer 13

• Complete heart block
• Retrograde arterial conduction in paroxysmal nodal tachycardia or VT

Occurs when RA contracts against closed TV