JVP

Question 1

What is Kussmauls sign?

Answer 1

a paradoxical rise in JVP during inspiration - seen in constrictive pericarditis

Question 2

label the JVP wave form

Answer 2

Question 3

what does the A wave represent on the JVP waveform?

Answer 3

atrial contraction

Question 4

what does the C wave represent on the JVP waveform?

Answer 4

closure of tricuspid valve

Question 5

what does the v wave represent on the JVP waveform?

Answer 5

passive filling of the atria against a closed tricuspid valve

Question 6

what does the x descent represent on the JVP waveform?

Answer 6

fall in atrial pressure during ventricular systole

Question 7

what does the y descent represent on the JVP waveform?

Answer 7

opening o tricuspid valve

Question 8

when are A waves large?

Answer 8

if atrial pressure increases e.g. tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary hypertension

Question 9

when are A waves absent?

Answer 9

in AF

Question 10

what causes cannon a waves

Answer 10

when atrial contracts against a closed tricuspid valve
complete heart block. VT, ectopics, nodal rhythm, single chamber ventricular pacing

Question 11

what causes giant v waves?

Answer 11

tricuspid regurgitation