Juvenile Law Flashcards
Status Offense
A crime by a minor that is due to age (Ex: past curfew, illegal consumption of tobacco, etc )
A Delinquent Minor
17 year old or under that has committed a felony
An emancipated minor
A minor of 16 who is legally free of being a dependent
Adult
A delinquent 21 years or older
Neglected Minor
Under 18, not receiving proper / necessary support, education or medical
Abused minor
Physical injury or sexual activity
Dependent minor
Court has power over the minor and the state pays for them
Detention
Temporary care of a minor (custody) for a criminal reason
Juvenile Officer
3 things they need:
- Be a sworn police officer
- Educated in the juvenile class
- Sworn in by a chief of police
Temporary Shelter
Not for criminal, but a neglected minor
Limited Custody
Up to 6 hours, a police officer can take without a warrant
How long in Jail, for a minor
- -No minor under 12 may be detained in a jail for more than 6 hours
- Older than 12 and a minor: can be held for up to 12 hours in jail
- Any minor charged with a violent crime: up to 24 hours in jail
Station Adjustment
This is where a probation officer gives a free pass, but they must do something else (ex: community service)
Formal Adjustment
allowed to have 3 misdemeanors, 2 felonies for a total of 4 only
–must offer an admission of guilt
– Juvenile police office must have probable cause
– the adult of the minor must have a written contract of agreement
(total of both formal and informal station adjustments cannot be more than 9)
Informal Adjustment
allowed to have 3 misdemeanors, 3 felonies for a total of 5 only
(total of both formal and informal station adjustments cannot be more than 9)
Exclusive Jurisdiction
Under 16 and charged: Juvenile
17, misdemeanor: Juvenile
17, felony: Adult
18+: Adult
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Traffic, boating, fishing, DUIs
Excluded Jurisdiction
At least 15 and
- 1st degree murder
- Aggravated criminal sexual assault
- Aggravated battery with a firearm
At least 13 and
- 1st degree murder
- Criminal sexual assault
Rules of Juvenile Law
- Office cannot release the name or address of a minor arrested to the victim (to avoid retaliation)
- Time of detention begins once the minor is in a cell or handcuffed to a stationary object.
- If requested to search a student’s locker, refer to the school resource officer / juvenile officer or command officer
