Juvenile Law Flashcards
From scattered local districts and offices, juvenile justice services have become _____ and _____
Centralized
Standardized
When is a juvenile considered to be abused?
Under 18 AND Caretaker
Inflicts serious physical injury;
Substantial risk of serious physical injury;
Serious emotional damage;
Delinquent acts involving moral turpitude;
Commits, permits, encourages:
Rape, sex offenses, obscenity laws
What is a juvenile?
Under 18
Not married
Not emancipated
Not a member of armed forces
What is a caretaker?
Person other than parent, guardian, custodian
Responsible for health and welfare in a RESIDENTIAL
SETTING; or
Person with primary responsibility in child care facility or
residential educational facility; or
Person with approval of care provider to assume
responsibility
A program providing non-residential or residential treatment to a juvenile in the community where the juvenile’s family lives.
Community Based Program
The person or agency that has been awarded legal custody of a juvenile by a court or a person, other than parents or legal guardian, who has assumed the status and obligation of a parent without being awarded the legal custody of the juvenile by a court.
Custodian
What is a dependent juvenile?
No parent, guardian, custodian responsible for care; OR
Parent, guardian, custodian is unable to provide care and
lacks alternative child care arrangement
What is a neglected juvenile?
Does not receive proper care, supervision, or discipline from parent, guardian, custodian, or caretaker
Under what conditions is a child considered to be abandoned?
Abandoned
Not provided proper medical care
Environment injurious to welfare
Placed under adoption in violation of law
It is probably neglect if the child is ___ years old or less; OR if the child is older than ____ but is not considered to have normal intelligence.
11
The head of the county department of social services in the county where the juvenile resides or is found.
Director
Person responsible for intake services and court supervision services to juveniles under the supervision of the chief court counselor
Juvenile court counselor
What are the three quanta of proof?
Preponderance of evidence
Clear and convincing evidence
Beyond a reasonable doubt
Diligent and timely use of permanency planning services by a department of social services to develop and implement a permanent plan for the juvenile.
Reasonable efforts
What is a safe home?
One where juvenile is not at substantial risk of physical/emotional abuse or neglect.
Temporary care of a juvenile in a physically unrestricting facility pending court disposition
Shelter care
When does the juvenile court have jurisdiction over the parent or guardian of a juvenile?
When juvenile is adjudicated abused, neglected, or
dependent (as long as summons has been
personally served
Juvenile court jurisdiction does not extend to cases involving adult defendants alleged to be guilty of _____ or _____.
Abuse
Neglect
Once juvenile jurisdiction has been obtained, how long will it continue?
Until terminated by court
Until juvenile reaches 18
Until emancipation
What is the philosophy behind conducting law enforcement investigations of child abuse and neglect?
Identify child at risk
Prevent abuse or neglect
Improve quality of child care
Preserve and stabilize family life
The philosophy behind conducting investigations of abuse and neglect does not include the prosecution of parents unless in ____ or ___________ cases
Incest
Sex abuse
During emergency or life-threatening investigations, what actions must law enforcement take?
Provide medical assistance Notify DSS immediately Take child into temporary custody if necessary Conduct interviews Answer complaints
If a parent, guardian, or custodian refuses officer’s entry into home, what must the officer have to make lawful entry?
Arrest warrant if subject resides in home; OR
Search warrant; OR
Reasonable belief that warrantless entry is needed to save
life or prevent serious bodily injury
How can officers establish probable cause that a crime is being committed in juvenile’s home?
Interview neighbors
Once PC has been established, what should DSS obtain?
Non-secure custody order
When can agencies share information about juveniles with other agencies?
Abused Neglected Delinquent Dependent Undisciplined
Under what circumstance can agencies NOT share juvenile information with other agencies?
Mental health information on substance abuse
Each ____ has established protective services for juveniles alleged to be abused, neglected, or dependent and has specific procedures for handling complaints.
County
Who has a legal duty to report child abuse, neglect, or dependency?
Every person
What agency must people report child abuse to?
DSS
A report to DSS may be made _____
Anonymously
If a report is made of sexual abuse in a day care facility or home, DSS must notify _____ within ___ hours or within the next work day.
SBI
24
Is there a privileged relationship exception to the duty to report child abuse, neglect, or dependency?
NO. The only case is when an attorney acquires knowledge during representation of a client where grounds does not exist to report condition
When must physicians report illness or injury to law enforcement?
Recurrent illness or injury
Under 18
Result of non-accidental trauma
DSS has ____ working days to give a written notice to the person who made the report regarding whether the report was accepted for investigation and whether it was referred to a LE agency.
5
What options does DSS have during the course of an investigation?
Immediate removal of juvenile
Arrangement for protective services in home
Filing petition in district court
True or False
Officers are required to assist in the investigation and evaluation of the seriousness of any report upon the request of DSS.
True
Under what conditions are parents immune from prosecution during infant abandonment cases?
Infant under 7 days old
Without intent to return
Delivers to police station, EMS worker, or any adult
Within ____ hours, DSS must make an immediate oral report and subsequent written report to the DA and LE agency
48
After receipt of information from DSS, how long does law enforcement have before initiating an investigation?
48 hours
If DSS receives a report that a juvenile has been abused or neglected in a day care facility or home, the Director must notify the Department of Health and Human Resources (DHR), the Division of Child Development, within ____ hours or on the next working day of receipt of the report.
24
With authorization from chief district judge, how long can physician retain physical custody of juvenile?
12 hours
What are the elements of Felony Child Abuse?
Parent or person providing care
Child less than 16
Intentionally inflicts serious physical injury
Commits, permits, encourages prostitution or sex offenses
Serious bodily injury resulting in impairment of mental or
emotional function
Willfully act OR grossly negligent omission shows reckless
disregard AND results in serious injury
What is the key difference between felony and misdemeanor child abuse?
Misdemeanor child abuse involves the infliction of physical injury other than accidental
What are the elements of indecent liberties between children?
Under 16 Immoral, improper, indecent liberties OR Lewd or lascivious act At least 3 years younger than defendant For purpose of gratifying sexual desire
What are the elements of contributing to delinquency and neglect by parents and others?
At least 16
Knowingly or willfully
Causes, encourages, or aids juvenile
To be in place or condition OR
Commit act that juvenile could be adjudicated delinquent,
undisciplined, abused, or neglected
True or False
Taking indecent liberties with a student includes vaginal intercourse and sexual acts.
False. Does NOT include these
What are the weapons offenses associated with juveniles?
Selling or giving weapons to minors
Firearms must be stored to protect minors
Sale or transfer of firearm to protect minor
Permitting young children to use dangerous firearms
Weapons on school grounds
Possession of handguns by minors
A summons is issued by the clerk at the time of the filing of a petition to the parent, guardian, custodian, or caretaker. The summons must be personally served upon the parent, guardian, custodian, or caretaker, not less than ____ days prior to the date of the scheduled hearing
Five
The taking of physical custody and providing personal care and supervision until a court order for nonsecure custody can be obtained
Temporary Custody
True or False
A juvenile may be taken into temporary custody without a court order by a law enforcement officer or a department of social services worker if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the juvenile is abused, neglected or dependent and that the juvenile would be injured or could not be taken into custody if it were first necessary to obtain a court order.
True
Is it permissible when a law enforcement officer takes a juvenile into temporary custody, that he/she leaves the juvenile in a room alone or gives to someone else to care for and watch?
NO
When someone takes a juvenile into custody without a court order, what must they do?
Contact juveniles parents
Advise parent of right to be present
Release to parent if continued custody is not necessary
Communicate with DSS
A juvenile cannot be held in temporary custody for more than ____ hours
12
If a juvenile is taken into temporary custody on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, how long can they be held?
24 hours
Under what two conditions can a juvenile in temporary custody be held longer than 12 hours or 24 hours on a weekend or holiday?
A petition or motion for review has been filed by DSS
AND
Order for nonsecure custody has been entered by court