Juvenile Justice/Key Cases Flashcards
Arrest
Taken into Custody
Jail
Juvenile Detention Center
Prison
Reformatory
Guilty
True
Not Guilty
Not True
Trial
Adjudication Hearing
Sentence
Disposition Hearing
Criminal
Juvenile Delinquent
Booked
Process
Warrant
Custody Order
Breed vs. Jones
This case severely restricts the conditions under which transfers from juvenile to adult court may occur. Such transfers must occur prior to an adjudicatory hearing in juvenile court.
Illinois vs. Montanez
In this case the Supreme Court let stand a state court ruling that threw out a voluntary confession made by a juvenile suspect who had been tried as an adult.
In re Gault
The court decided that juveniles have a right to notice of charges, a right to counsel, and a right to confront and to cross-examine witnesses and must be provided protect against self-incrimination.
In re Winship
Allegations of delinquency must be established beyond a reasonable doubt. Status offenses, however, can be established with the preponderance of the evidence standard.
Kent vs. U.S.
This case ended the hands-off era in juvenile justice and recognized that at least minimal due process must be provided in juvenile court hearings.
McKeiver vs. Pennsylvania
This case held that juveniles do not have the constitutional right to a jury trial.
Schall vs. Martin
This case upheld the practice of preventive detention but stated that it cannot be imposed without prior notice, an equitable detention hearing, and a statement by the judge setting the reasons for the detention.
Abused Child
A child who has been physically, mentally, or sexually abused. Most states also consider a child who is forced into delinquent activity by a parent or guardian to be abused.
Dependent Child
A child who had no parents or whose parents are unable to care for him or her.
