juvenile Flashcards
accused person
người bị buộc tội
arrested person
người bị bắt
detainees
người bị tam giữ
the accused
bị can
defendant
bị cáo
terminology (n)
/ˌtɝː.məˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/
special words or expressions used in
–> relation to a particular subject or activity:
scientific terminology
culpability (n) (sự có tội)
/ˌkʌl.pəˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/
–> accept/deny culpability
After the accident, the company refused to accept culpability.
constitute (v)
/ˈkɑːn.stə.tuːt/
to be or be considered as something:
–> This latest defeat constitutes a major setback for the Democrats.
the principle of proportionality in dealing with juvenile offender
nguyên tắc xét xử công bằng
delinquency (n)
/dɪˈlɪŋ.kwən.si/
an action that is illegal or not acceptable:
His past delinquencies have made it hard for him to get a job.
the offence (hành vi phạm tội/tội phạm)
/əˈfens/
an illegal act; a crime:
–> a serious/minor offence
the offender
người phạm tội
a person who is guilty of a crime:
–> young offenders
reiterate (v)
/riˈɪt̬.ɚ.eɪt/
to say something again, once or several times:
–> The government has reiterated its refusal to compromise with terrorists.
commission of (n)
/kəˈmɪʃ.ən/
the act of doing something that is illegal or considered wrong:
–> the commission of a crime
charge (n)
/tʃɑːrdʒ/
a formal police statement saying that someone is accused of a crime:
–> criminal charges The 19-year-old will be appearing in court on Thursday where she will face criminal charges.
curb (v)
/kɝːb/
to control or limit something that is not wanted:
–> The government should act to curb tax evasion.
undue (adj)
/ʌnˈduː/
to a level that is more than is necessary, acceptable, or reasonable: (vượt quá)
–> Such a high increase will impose an undue burden on the local tax payer.
account for (n)
to explain the reason for something
dispose (v)
discretion (n)
/dɪˈskreʃ.ən/
the right or ability to decide something:
–> at the discretion of
Students can be expelled at the discretion of the principal (= if the principal decides it).
recourse (n)
/ˈriː.kɔːrs/
using something or someone as a way of getting help, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation:
- -> It is hoped that the dispute will be settled without recourse to litigation.
lay down (v)
to officially establish a rule, or to officially say how something should be done:
–> This is in line with the policy laid down by the management.
referral (v) (n)
/rɪˈfɝː.əl/
the act of directing someone to a different place
–> The commission’s inquiry into the warranties began after a referral from the Office for Fair Trading.
restitution (n)
/ˌres.təˈtuː.ʃən/
the return of objects that were stolen or lost:
–> They are demanding the restitution of ancient treasures that were removed from the country in the 16th century.
conviction
/kənˈvɪk.ʃən/
sự kết án
the fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty:
-> conviction for
Since it was her first conviction for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence.
stigmatization (n)
/ˌstɪɡ.mə.t̬əˈzeɪ.ʃən/
sự phân biệt đối xử
the act of treating someone or something unfairly by publicly disapproving of them or it:
–> Care needs to be taken to ensure there is no stigmatization of children based on their home circumstances.
criminal record
/ˌkrɪm.ɪ.nəl ˈrek.ɚd/
lý lịch tư pháp
an official record of crimes that a person has committed:
–> They fired him when they found out he had a criminal record.
congruent (adji) = similar
/ˈkɑːŋ.ɡru.ənt/
similar to or in agreement with something, so that the two things can both exist or can be combined without problems:
–> Our goals are congruent; there is no conflict.
integral (adj)
/ˈɪn.t̬ə.ɡrəl/
–> integral part
necessary and important as a part of a whole:
–> integral part He’s an integral part of the team and we can’t do without him.
dignity (n)
/ˈdɪɡ.ə.t̬i/
the importance and value that a person has, that makes other people respect them or makes them respect themselves:
–> In hospital, she felt stripped of all her dignity.
reintergration (n)
riː.ɪn
tái hòa nhập
compel (v)
/kəmˈpel/
to force someone to do something:
–> As a schoolboy he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter.
testimony (n)
/ˈtes.tə.moʊ.ni/
(an example of) spoken or written statements that something is true, especially those given in a law court:
–> Some doubts have been expressed about his testimony.
notion (n) = definition
/ˈnoʊ.ʃən/
I have only a vague notion of what she does for a living.
commend (v)
kəˈmend
to formally praise someone or something:
commend someone for something
–> The judge commended her for her bravery.
suspend (v)
/səˈspend/
đình chỉ
–> to suspend the child criminal proceedings
non - custodial measure
biện pháp không giam giữ
torture (n)
ˈtɔːr.tʃɚ/
tra tấn
the act of causing great physical or mental pain in order to persuade someone to do something or to give information, or to be cruel to a person or animal:
–> Half of the prisoners died after torture and starvation.
corporal punishment (n)
ˌkɔːr.pɚ ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/
the physical punishment of people, especially of children, by hitting them
hình phạt tra tấn thể xác
capital punishment
/ˌkæp.ɪ.t̬əl ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/
punishment by death, as ordered by a legal system
tử hình
life imprisionment
tù chung thân
arbitrarily (adj)
/ˌɑːr.bəˈtrer.əl.i/
in a way that is based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason: (tùy tiện)
–> We made the decision to go to Italy quite arbitrarily.
conform (v) –> conformity (n)
/kənˈfɔːrm/
to behave according to the usual standards of behaviour that are expected by a group or society:
–> conform to
I tried to conform to their old-fashioned manners.
challenge (v)
asking if something is true or legal: (chất vấn)
–> pose a challenge
The result of the vote poses a serious challenge to the government’s credibility.
sentences (n)
bản án
execusion (n)
/ˌek.səˈkjuː.ʃən/
the legal punishment of killing someone:
–> Execution is still the penalty in some states for murder.
commute (v)
/kəˈmjuːt/
to change a punishment to one that is less severe:
–> Her sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.
incarceration (n)
/ɪnˌkɑːr.səˈreɪ.ʃən/
the act of putting or keeping someone in prison or in a place used as a prison:
–> We’re spending billions of dollars each year on incarceration.
confine (v) –> confinement (n)
/kənˈfaɪn/
to keep someone closed in a place, often by force:
–> The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn’t cope with the outside world.
witness (n)
/ˈwɪt.nəs/
a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident:
–> Police are appealing for witnesses to the accident to come forward.
presiding officer (n)
người tiến hành tố tụng
incitement (n) to V
/ɪnˈsaɪt.mənt/
the act of encouraging someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent: xúi giục
[ + to infinitive ] They were imprisoned for incitement to commit grievous (serious) bodily harm.
subpoena (n) (giấy triệu tập)
/səˈpiː.nə/
a legal document ordering someone to appear in a law court:
–> Subpoenas were issued to several government employees.
abscond (v)
/æbˈskɑːnd/
to go away suddenly and secretly in order to escape from somewhere: (bỏ trốn)
–> Two prisoners absconded last night.
waive (v)
/weɪv/ (từ bỏ, về mặt pháp lý)
to not demand something you have a right to, or not cause a rule to be obeyed:
–> The bank manager waived the charge (= said we didn’t have to pay), as we were old and valued customers.
impartial (adj)
/ɪmˈpɑːr.ʃəl/
not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument:
–> impartial advice
–> A trial must be fair and impartial.
self-incrimination (n)
/ˌself.ɪn.krɪm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/
saying or doing something that shows that you are guilty of a crime:
–> A witness can legally refuse to give evidence to avoid self-incrimination.
interrogate (v) thẩm vấn
/ɪnˈter.ə.ɡeɪt/
to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence:
–> Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or imprisoned in recent weeks.
preventive measure = deterrent measure
/dɪˈter.ənt/
biện pháp ngăn chặn
coercive measure
/koʊˈɝː.sɪv/
biện phấp cưỡng chế
reprimand (n)
/ˈrep.rə.mænd/
biện pháp khiển trách
community conciliation (n)
hòa giải tại cộng đồng
edification at the commune, ward or town
/ˌed.ə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/
giáo dục tại xã, phường, thị trấn
edification at the reform school
giáo dục tại trường giáo dưỡng
the execution of judgement
thi hành phán quyết
suspended sentence
án treo
investigation stage
procuracy stage
first-instance trial stage
giai đoạn điều tra
giai đoạn truy tố
giai đoạn xét xử sơ thẩm
acquittal (n)
/əˈkwɪt̬.əl/
the decision of a court that someone is not guilty: (không có tội)
–> Of the three cases that went to trial, two ended in acquittals.
complicity (n)
/kəmˈplɪs.ə.t̬i/
involvement in a crime or some activity that is wrong:
–> She is suspected of complicity in the fraud.
recidivist = reoffending (n)
/rəˈsɪd.ə.vɪst/
tái phạm
–> serious recidivist
first-time offender (n)
người phạm tội lần đầu
perpetrator (n) người phạm tội
/ˈpɝː.pə.treɪ.t̬ɚ/
someone who has committed a crime or a violent or harmful act:
–> The perpetrators of the massacre must be brought to justice as war criminals.
acquaitance (n)
/əˈkweɪn.təns/
a person that you have met but do not know well:
–> a business acquaintance
